Primary Notes For Girlfriend in a Coma Essay

Theme Statement Rediscovering one self to give hope for the future. At some point in your life there will be sense of loneliness, to overcome this, you ought to find a significant meaning in life. Richard Richard a loyal, smart, boyfriend to Karen who is in a coma for the past 17 years. He has been by her side till the very end. He’s devoted to her, counting all the days she has been in the coma. (108) He question what is life without her? He started to having a drinking problem (79) thinking it will solve everything. He was already in depression, giving up hope when his friend, Jared died to cancer. (236) He’s been alone for 17 years even tho he is still close with his friends, they’re not always there. Questioning his fatherhood, why he failed to raise his daughter, Megan while Karen is in a coma. He broke down and went back to this drinking habits (107) When Karen awoke everything seems to have hope now.(131) When he withdrew he stills to able to maintain a proper lifestyle in his community on Rabbit Lane(246) Loneliness Each one of the character at a point along this book feels a sense of loneliness. Richard the most out of the character suffers this when Karen went into a coma. Even tho he has his daughter Megan, he still feels empty. (79) Wendy also feels lonely when Jared has passed away, he was her one true love (145) When she saw Jared ghost she wanted him to take her away, from her lonely life (224) Megan also deals with loneliness, after the â€Å"plague† she lost her â€Å"bestfriend† Jenny. She went to visit her home and read her diary â€Å"230† She also requested Jared to take her away.(234) Linus also question the purpose of life, he no longer wanted to live on the planet.(236) He wanted a glimpse of afterlife, which he then saw heaven.(238) Rabbit Lane All the events that occurred revolves around Rabbit Lane, where are there character grew up. They question why the plague hasn’t reach them in Rabbit Lane. A lot of memories have taken since when they were young till â€Å"the last day of the world†

Actor and Ubermarrionette

The Actor and the Uber-Marionette Edward Gordan Craig did not think of acting as an art-form; he considers it incorrect to speak as though actors are artists. He started out as an actor, but became more interested in art and he ended his acting career for theatrical design. He asserted that the director was the true artist of the theatre and viewed actors of little importance and even declared that they were very replaceable. Throughout his career in theatre production, he was viewed as extremely difficult to work with and he refused to produce anything that he did not have complete artistic control over.His ideals about the theatre and how it should be run were written in his most famous and rather controversial essay, â€Å"The Actor and the Uber-Marionette. † In this article, he seems to suggest that the stage has no place for actors and they should be banished and be replaced by super-marionettes. His analysis of the human actor compared to that of the marionette seems to be inferior. He believed that art can only come by creation; he believed what actors were doing was imitation. He believed that true artists capture the spirit of things and the actor was only mere pretending to capture the true essence of art.It is obvious in his language that Gordan Craig was very passionate of the theatre and he saw the commercialization of the stage as the destruction of theatre. He seems to think to think that actors were the root cause of the degradation of the art of the theatre , but he seem to have an underlying intention to urge actors to reform their acting and create for themselves a new form of acting. Gordan Craig believed that â€Å"Art arrives only by design. † (Craig, p. 55) This means that acting was not considered art by this definition because he saw actors as only being able to imitate and impersonate.He believed that the only way to make art was through creation and â€Å"Therefore in order to make any work of art it is clear we may onl y work in those materials with which we can calculate. Man is not one of these materials. † (Craig, p. 55) He believed that art can only be created by â€Å"materials† and those actors using their own bodies as materials for their art-form were considered an â€Å"accidental nature. † He claimed that the actor was controlled by his emotions and therefore unreliable and untrustworthy, â€Å"But with the actor, emotion possesses him; it seizes upon his limbs, moving them wither it ill. † (Craig, p. 56) He saw the human body, which the actors use as their material, as easily manipulated by emotions. Human emotion is so strong that it dictates every aspect of the actor such as his facial expressions and the sounds of his voice. He argued that the human emotion could work against the actor at any given moment and betray him. Gordan Craig liked having control of every aspect of the production and he did not like the idea of not having complete control of the act or’s voice and movements.He likely believed that with marionette, he would have a way to control the unpredictability of the actor and express a wide range of emotions. This is similar to how Jim Henson could express a distinguishable range of emotions using only the eyes of the Muppet. The placement of the eyes for a Muppet was the key to success for the character. In The Muppet Movie (1979), Miss Piggy is able to convey anger and even aggression through the puppeteer’s use of her eyes. This can be seen during the scene where Miss Piggy fights off Doc Hopper and his henchmen in the barn.Another example would be when Miss Piggy first gazes eyes on Kermit the Frog at the fair; her infatuation with Kermit is made obvious through usage of her eyes. Jim Henson also frequently says that Kermit the Frog was much bolder than himself and â€Å"He can say things I hold back. † (Seligmann, J. ; Leonard, E. (May 28, 1990). â€Å"Jim Henson: 1936–1990†. Newswe ek. ) In â€Å"The Actor and the Uber-Marionette,† Gordan Carig seemingly wants to do away with actor and have him replace by the uber-marionette.He says that even if the actor were to have original ideas of his own, â€Å"his nature would still be in servitude; his body would have to become the slave of his mind. † (Craig, p. 61) He goes on to say that the body of man is â€Å"utterly useless as a material for an art. † (Craig, p. 61) The only way actors can escape from this predicament is to reform their way of acting, â€Å"Today they impersonate and interpret; to-morrow they must represent and interpret; and the third day they must create. †(Craig, p. 61) This is the only solution to bringing back the essence of the theatre.The actors must learn to create and only then they can have freedom of creation and having something you can call your own. Gordan Craig thinks that actors are only able to imitate art, but cannot recreate it. He thinks of them as fakes who only do impersonations and never offering any contribution to the art. The actors masquerade as artists and they rarely think about creating art. They are copies and are incapable of â€Å"capturing the spirit and essence of idea to an audience. † (Craig, p. 63) Gordan Carig wants the actors to redeem themselves and help revive what is failing in the theatre.This importance of creation is predominant in Muppets and Sesame Street characters. Each Muppet has their own individual identity and their own unique aspects that define them. The puppeteer has freedom over the control of the Muppet and can decide to portray the Muppet in whatever way is desired. This is where Gordan Craig’s ideals differ with Muppets because some Muppets are based upon real people. That is not to say they are exact imitations, but they certain qualities resemble their real counterparts. Although they are their own characters, some Muppets do have a level of impersonation.For example, An imal is said to be based on Keith Moon, the drummer for The Who. Caroll Spinney who performs Oscar the Grouch on Sesame Street said he based Oscar’s cranky voice on a New York cab driver that he once had the pleasure of riding with. The marionette has evolved from its predecessors; Gordan Craig has even said that it is â€Å"a rather degenerate form of a god. † (Craig, p. 82) Clearly, he holds the marionettes of higher value than the actor. He wants people to acknowledge how special the marionettes are and he is disappointed that puppets are regarded â€Å"low comedians. (Craig, p. 82) To him, the marionettes are â€Å"the last echo of some noble and beautiful art which has passed civilization. † (Craig, p. 82) He hates how modern puppets are being used and he feels they are being utilized incorrectly. He longs for the day in which puppets are used again as medium for the intelligent thoughts of the artist. The ideal situation was by creating the uber-marionett e; we can rid the theatre of the weakness that is the actor who is under the influence of his emotions.He saw the uber-marionette medium as perfect, pure and completely able to express the artist’s intentions because the marionette would be made in the artist’s image. Craig Gordan’s vision was similar to the situation in which Jim Henson was in where he was afraid that his company would be type casted as purely children’s entertainment. He wanted to break out in to the adult audience. American networks initially rejected his idea because they thought that Muppets only appealed to children and that adults would not be interested. Eventually he was able to get â€Å"The Muppet Show† financing through a British network.He was able to prove that the Muppets appealed to a variety of audiences, both young and old. It was no doubt that Muppets appealed very easily to children and this theory is very evident in Sesame Street. The usage of Muppets helped pr opagate the idea that â€Å"Sesame Street was built around a single, breakthrough insight: that if you can hold the attention of children, you can educate them†. (Gladwell, The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference p. 100) Muppets were good teaching tools because children can easily recognize them and they capture their attention.Edward Gordan Craig’s intentions through â€Å"The Actor and the Uber-Marionette† were to influence a revival of theatre art. He wanted actors to reform their way of acting and reacted strongly against the actor’s dominance in theatre. The creation of something by the artist was closer to true art and actors were merely imitating this. Actors were impersonators and were not intellectual and could not capture the spirit or essence of the art. The actor’s own emotions and personal beauty ruined the director’s vision. He truly believed that theatre should banish the actor and be replaced by the ube r-marionette.The marionette was much more reliable and trustworthy and the director could have full control over it. The puppet had a long history and was linked to many past great works of art. In his closing statements he tells us his desire, â€Å"I pray earnestly for the return of the image—the Uber-marionette to the Theatre; and when he comes again . . . , he will be loved so well that once more it will be possible for people to return to their ancient joy in ceremonies—once more will Creation be celebrated—homage rendered to existence and divine and happy intercession made to death. † (Craig, p. 94)

Steering Commitee Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Steering Commitee - Essay Example . The steering committee is composed of the "critical stakeholder groups (those most impacted by the objectives of the project) in the overall governance of the project" ("Forming a Project Steering Committee"). Once the steering committee had identified the problems, groups and sub-committees can be formed to address the individual issues that face Red Wine. A working group that can address the overall requirements of the system can design an integrated functional and communicative arrangement. One of the problems facing Red Wine is the fact that there are several departments all competing for scarce resources. This has mandated that they take independent actions and have reduced the possibility of maximizing computer resources or the ability to communicate from department to department. It would be the responsibility of the steering committee to alleviate this lack of communication. Once the system is designed as a workable solution, other workgroups can be assigned to take care of the installation and implementation. One consideration is the programming. A workgroup, working under the steering committee, would be responsible for the coding and debugging of the system. In addition, this workgroup would need to make arrangements to see that the implementation was workable from the standpoint of programming. Anoth

Political science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Political science - Essay Example In such a way, the following analysis will seek to provide something of a discussion and analysis of the more pertinent issues and relevant tidbits of information that were presented within the documentary entitled â€Å"The Murder of Emmett Till†. Furthermore, an analysis and discussion with regards to whether or not this particular topic and/or part of history should be taught in high school will also be engaged. Firstly, as has been stated, the most relevant hardship is with regards to seeking to understand how any society could not only access the murder of innocent black teen but also find no wrongdoing with regards to those acquitted of this horrific and brutal murder is nearly incomprehensible. Naturally, the documentary itself goes into a great deal of death concerning the racial prejudice, bigotry, and hatred that existed at that time. However, notwithstanding this, such a brazen defiance of morality and the criminal justice system still does not help the reader to ga in an understanding of how such a crime could have taken place and gone completely and entirely unpunished; even in an era of horrific racial prejudice and a biased justice system. ... Rather, the most obvious reason for why such an equal place was due to the fact that the jury was sympathetic to the overtly racist and bigoted interpretations of a Mississippi that still viewed the Civil War as the greatest loss to the white race and to the way of life that they experience even within their own time. An interesting compliments that helps to prove the fact that this wasn’t be what we would label a â€Å"hate crime† within the current era is the fact that Emmett was thrown into the river with a cotton gin tied around his neck. More than merely having a crime of passion dictate that the child was murdered by an obsessive and jealous husband, the nature of the fact that Emmett was viewed as overstepping the racial boundaries that he should have been observing was directly denoted in the fact that a machine for separating cotton from the scenes was used to sink his lifeless body in a local river. This was not done merely out of convenience; instead, it was done as a statement to the fact that as a young African-American, this place was working in the fields under the supervision and direction of whites. With regards to answer the question of whether or not this is a relevant topic and should be taught within high schools, it is the firm belief of this author that it is the most relevant topics and at least cases similar to this should most certainly be discussed. The ultimate reason underlying this is the fact that even though this particular case is only one within a great multitude of cases that represent horrific and abject racism within a deep South, it nonetheless helps to take a picture why racial relations within the United States has continued to be such a dominant theme since the time of the end of

Discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 14

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THE GENERAL ELECTRIC AND THE HEWLETT PACKARD (HP) Essay

THE GENERAL ELECTRIC AND THE HEWLETT PACKARD (HP) - Essay Example The competitive advantage refers to an advantage gained over competitors either by providing greater value to consumers, by lowering the prices, or by offering more benefits and service which justifies the higher price. Corporate strategies are the central point of achieving the competitive advantage by making assumptions on an organization’s external environment and its resources, and by creating policies on how the organization should operate. General Electric and Hewlett Packard are the two most influential companies in the technology market. A comparative study of the strategies used by GE and HP reveals that both have formulated analogous strategies in the various aspects of their business operation. ----------------- Introduction The Hewlett-Packard Company, commonly known as the HP, is a well established and very large global firm founded in 1939 by Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard and headquartered in California, United States. Their products focus mainly on technology li ke computer, printing, digital imaging, and also software services. General Electric (GE) is the producer of diversified technology, media, and services, and was incorporated in 1892. It offers products and services ranging from aircrafts engines, power generation, technology in medical imaging, business and consumer financing, and many more over 100 countries. The GE has a long history of success in their technological trade and their achievements prove the value of their view, â€Å"why predict the future when you can create it?† (Our history). The Economical Environment The economical environment of the business consists of four elements, they are Political, Economic, Social, and technological. The economic environment today is moving through vibrant and unstable phases due to globalization and increasingly competitive markets. However, the Hewlett Packard Company takes advantage of exploiting new markets all around the world, engaging with other multinational corporations . A big advantage to the company is their product diversity which helps them to survive the recession. At the same time, the GE is faced with many social issues regarding environmental pollutions. It has become a topic for controversies with regards to the immense ownership and control over the media sources. The company has been alleged for spending millions of dollars on commercial ads and television program sponsorships to ensure its environmental friendly image. The General Electric Company performs its functions in micro and macro environment. The micro-environment consists with customers, suppliers, and other stakeholders of the business. The GE treats its customers as an integral part of the company in the successful running of the business. The GE has taken higher efforts to integrate the company’s view with the customers’ view rather than considering them as mere investors. As customer service has been considered as the vital part of the performance, it mainta ins three crucial components regarding the quality offered to customers; the employees, the process, and the customers themselves. On the other hand, the organizational culture of HP is built up progressively over a time, which helps the employees to define how they feel about their job. The HP has succeeded in creating a positive influence of the culture on their employees. A positive culture helps to stimulate commitment towards the job and to achieve the proposed goals. Decision Making The General Electric Company employs some basic strategies in their decision making. One among them is to invest and tap the internal market within the reach of the company. This strategy seems to have utilized the principle that ‘a business must be employee-oriented if it wishes to be customer-oriented’

Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) and Customer Satisfaction Research Paper

Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) and Customer Satisfaction strategy - Research Paper Example The linkage of both the concepts is very important and will be depicted in the essay. Introduction to Integrated Marketing Communications and Customer Satisfaction Strategies One of the main concepts related to the success of the advertisements or operations of any company is its integrated marketing communication strategy. IMC is a marketing terminology used in reference to the combination and collaboration of almost all the existing tools of market communication and all its activities, and aspects in the company into forming a flawless program (Terry, 1997). This helps the organization maximize the influence of its strategies and operations on its customers and other stakeholders of the business at lowest possible cost. Thus, the IMC strategy is a process of integrated marketing communications (IMC) is a process for managing customer relationships that drive brand value primarily through communication efforts. Such efforts often include cross-functional processes that create and no urish profitable relationships with customers and other stakeholders by strategically controlling or influencing all messages sent to these groups and encouraging data-driven, purposeful dialog with them. IMC includes the coordination and integration of all marketing communication tools, avenues, and sources within a company into a seamless program in order to maximize the impact the end users at a minimal cost. This integration affects all firms’ business-to-business, marketing channel, customer-focused, and internally directed communication (Bob, 1998). Tesco Plc is one of the leading food retailers based in UK which operates with more than 3000 stores all around the world. The branches of the food retailers are function in most of the parts of Europe and Asia. A wholly-owned subsidiary, Tesco Plc., offers to its customers a wide range of all the financial, personal and other services. The company has been leading the other big organizations in the field of retailing and st ands successful throughout. 1. Discuss the company’s advertising strategy and how it aligns with its marketing goals. The major reason for the success of Tesco as a product and service-provider is its successful advertising and customer relationship strategy. Found in 1924, the company was the pioneer of some small ‘revolutions’ which led to the rise in the revenues of the company and was responsible for its sustenance. The expansion strategies applied by the company give it success as the profit margins have shifted higher making the company a strong base for the retailing (Remley, 1996). The marketing strategy of Tesco is the subset of its customer loyalty, lower prices and the successful ploughing back of profits in order to assist its marketing strategies. Making the mass advertising its backbone, Tesco Plc., introduced new adverts for every product item launched and the lower prices were the main element that kept customers glued to its product. Moreover, it s adverts have always been convincing, good conveyor of the message content and able to keep the emotional touch which creates the customer’s interest in its products and forced them to make the purchases. 3. Discuss the promotional strategies that may be used in addition to advertising. The main element of Tesco’s promotional strategies was the low- prices but the finest brand offered to the customers with superior value.

Personal Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Personal Development - Essay Example It is the role of teachers to make students view life from different perspectives in order to strengthen their process of learning. Students get awareness of different behaviors and educational concepts in schools and express the obtained knowledge in different professional and social settings. Learning also enhances social interactions between people in an appropriate manner. People learn a variety of behaviors and expressions from other people around them and use those behaviors when they interact with other people. A person needs to have effective social interaction skills to succeed in society. When a person has requisite knowledge of the way to communicate successfully with other people, he/she does not face any difficulty in improving his/her social interaction skills. Moreover, a person can never communicate properly with other people without having a sufficient knowledge of effective communication skills. Learning is that process, which develops and refines social interaction skills of a person by making him/her acquire required knowledge of effective communication basics. Learning also helps people progress in their professional lives. â€Å"A new employee who wants to be successful on her/his job is likely to look for someone who is successful and in high regard and then attempt to imitate that person’s behavior† (Fox 2006, p. 38). In professional settings, an employee needs to interact with other employees, such as, colleagues and managers, to acquire required information and knowledge. Acquiring knowledge becomes a part of that employee’s learning process, which ultimately helps him/her progress in his/her professional life. Effective workplace communication skills are... This paper approves that barriers to communication also arise, when some employees have poor listening and communication skills, and due to this reason, they cannot communicate with other employees effectively. In such situations, people do not get the message properly which results in making communication process unsuccessful. Some people do not listen properly to others. â€Å"Failure to actively listen can result in mistakes and misunderstanding†. Physical barrier arises when employees of a company have to use telephones and emails because of not having physical access to each other. Some of the main types of physical barriers include difference of locations, closed office doors, and noise. This essay makes a conclusion that feedback plays a vital role in making the process of communication successful. It makes the presenter aware of the credibility of his/her ideas. The process of communication runs in one direction without proper feedback. The reason is that if a presenter does not get a proper and instant feedback from the audience, he/she will not know the way others perceive his/her ideas. We have to encourage the employees to give proper feedback to each other during communication. Effective workplace communication is the key to success of a company in today’s world of competition. Employees of a company need to communicate effectively with each other because ineffective communication and expression of bad attitudes and poor behaviors can block a company’s way towards success.

Augustine's Contribution to Epistemology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Augustine's Contribution to Epistemology - Essay Example Augustine deems the course by which the psyche progresses from the fixation with the object towards deliberation that of the divine as a constitutive part of the cleansing and refinement that is salvation, and as arising in the two-natured Christ, through partaking in Christ’s body.1 Augustine devoted his life to the fundamental quest for truth.2 The epistemological groundwork of his hermeneutic is originated in this expedition for truth.3 Augustine recognizes that Scripture will be understood by a man who possesses an intellectual core. Every human spirit comprehends through the means of enlightenment by a heavenly luminosity. Some men are bestowed with the grace of seeing ideas more clearly while others less clearly. Hence, in the usual course of events, the human intellect does see the divine facts moderately, not immediately in his life.4 The very character of substance hinders the human psyche from the absolute wisdom of the understandable. Augustine adopted the doctrine dated back from the time of the philosophers, Aristotle and Plato, that certain factors thwarts the soul in his search for truth and knowledge. In reference to the bible, Augustine supposes that matter deters the exact forethought for veracity. Moreover, he believes that being endowed with the birthright of original sin from Adam and Eve hinders humans to be guided by the divine light, which, in turn, will help them clearly perceive reality. Original sin darkens the path of human intellect towards certainty. Augustine believes that the corruptible body impedes the quest for knowledge and the main vice that dominates the soul is pride.5 Humility, through the Incarnation and the words of the Holy Scripture, heals pride. The Incarnation facilitates the dialogue between humans and God. Philosophical and biblical reasons predominate Augustine’s speculations of his works. However, the human psyche does not perceive truth directly. Augustine gave emphasis that the human inability to see the truth precisely in his life renders God and truth ineffable; hence, his theology accentuated that God is known better by not knowing him.6 Furthermore, celestial origin is beyond description and human words are simply unsuccessful in clearly describing it. Men utilize remarks, unsuitable they may be, just to say something rather than nothing.7 Moreover, Augustine highlights that such events can never be known.8 Beliefs an individual has known cannot be modified by a more complex fact unless that individual views that reality with his own eyes. Thus, faith continues an individual’s pursuit for wisdom. This insinuation of reliance is astonishing for Christians since their religion is rooted in a variety of historical occurrences. Now and then, some people believed that Augustine’s great contribution to epistemology is to rescue the cognitive status of belief.9 Although substandard to wisdom, it is nevertheless essential to human life in general, but especially i n religion.10 For the reason that Christianity is founded on the works of authors from long ago that individuals in this present time barely even know, what they only did was to believe in what they have written. Augustine associates ontology to epistemology for the reason that teaching and learning are spliced into being.11 For instance, language is often already a part of being, and such it is inseparable to its mnemonic function—teaching and learning.12 Thus, in Augustine’

Expanding To Emerging Market Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Expanding To Emerging Market - Assignment Example This paper therefore investigates the various factors that justifies reasons for choosing emerging markets for investment and also looks critically into factors that must be taken before making such a move. The motivation for most global enterprises to expand to emerging markets relative to other growth oriented options is highly justified in the response that various emerging markets are giving to such new expansions that are coming from the emerging markets. Commonly, emerging markets were tagged as places of inactive global business because of the absence of needed infrastructure to be engaged in competitive globalised business orientation. But this phenomenon which dates back to the pre-2000s could be said to be a thing of the past especially when the argument is made in terms of technological advancement (Kanter, 2008). One factor that remains an open secret about globalised enterprise expansion is that most of these corporations that go into these forms of expansions depend gre atly on the power of the internet. This is because a lot of them engage in proactive virtual business engagements that require the exchange of communication, ideas, logistics and resources via the use of information systems and information technology. As emerging markets, especially those in African and the Middle East open themselves up for such forms of virtual business operations to take place and still hold on to their core economic principles as providing investor friendly environments for business, multinational corporations have no other option than to include these areas in their global expansion agenda. Having justified the importance of including an emerging market as a strategic option for global enterprise expansion, it is important to note that the actual act of moving into an emerging market must take place as a process rather than an event. What this means is that the act of moving must be characterized by series of preparations and planning that are focused and aimed at achieving a sustainable expansion program (Bremmer, 2005). Key among the processes that precede the movement must be a need for critical decision making to take place. As part of the decision making process, four key steps will be outlined for following. The first of this shall be a market feasibility study, which shall help in making decisions on the forecasted viability of the new movement. The second is a business strategic option that will be suitable for the proposed destination, whether it would be a focused option, differentiation strategy or cost leadership (Kim, 2008). Thirdly, decision shall be made on implementation approach to know the best form of implementation approach to use, noting that the presence of competitors allows for the need to have an entrant approach that readily catches the attention of consumers. Finally, an evaluation program that helps in taking decision on the workability of the plan shall be instituted. Whiles writing on the decision making proc esses, the issue of strategic option came up. Specifically on this, there are very important considerations that any company would want to make as a means of meeting the customised needs of consumers. From this perspective, two major considerations will be expanded, which are the bargaining power of consumers and the quest for differentiate products and services from consumers. For the former, the

Girl Scout Essay Example for Free

Girl Scout Essay Juliette Gordon Low or Daisy was the founder of Girl Scouts, with the help of Sir Robert Baden-Powell, the founder of the Boy Scouts of America. Baden-Powell had learned that girls wanted to join the scouts, but he was too busy with running the Boy Scouts. He asked Low if she would like to be part of the Girl Guides movement, forming the first group of Girl Guides in Scotland in 1911. In 1912 Low returned to the United States, forming a group in Savannah, Georgia in 1912. In 1915, the Girl Guides became the Girl Scouts and Low became the first president. She stayed active until the time of her death. Her birthday, October 31, is celebrated by the Girl Scouts as Founders Day. Robert Baden-Powell Low was lived in Scotland when she met Sir Robert Baden-Powell at a party, where Low entertained him with stories of travel.[1] Upon further conversation, they learned that they shared a love of sculpting; Low had sculpted members of her family, including her father and one of her cousins.[1] Baden-Powell had started the Boy Scout movement, with a growing membership of boys throughout Great Britain, the United States, France, and Germany.[1] ] Girl Guides Baden-Powell’s sister Agnes had created a group for girls called Girl Guides.[1]:26 Low was interested in this movement, and created a troop in 1911 in Scotland.[1]:26 She taught them many of the skills she had learned from her grandmother, including first aid and cooking.[1]:28 On a trip back to the United States, both Low and Baden-Powell discussed the possibility of creating a Girl Guides group.[1]:28 Upon her return to her home in Savannah, she telephoned her cousin and urged her to rush over, announcing I’ve got something for the girls of Savannah, and all America, and all the world, we’re going to start it tonight![1]

An Inside View of the U.S. Marine Corps Essay Example for Free

An Inside View of the U.S. Marine Corps Essay The book â€Å"First to Fight: An Inside View of the U. S. Marine Corps† by Marine General Victor H. Krulack is about the life and journey of the marines. The author is a legend in the Marine Corps, and this book is his way of showing the world of the struggles and the fights that the Marines went through and still do today. The author begins by saying that the book contains some parts about history and legend and the other parts about his opinion on certain issues involving the Marines. This book is able to touch the lives of many because the author, using his personal experiences and that of his fellow Marines, conveys the very essence of being in the Marine Corps. The stories of his life serve as inspiration to those in the service. He was a former Lieutenant General and as such, everything that he has written in his book is very appealing to the readers because of its authenticity. People respect his opinion and they want to know his perspective on the controversies that have been around for quite some time. The book successfully shows how the Marines were able to deal with and get past their challenges, and it also explores the potential conflicts that may be encountered in the future. The author reviews intensely the very core foundation of the Marines by examining the war where they participated in. Examples would be the battle of Khe Sanh in Vietnam war and the 1950 Inchon landing that happened in Korea. Gen. Krulak illustrates in the book how the cooperation of both the Corps and the Navy paved the way for one of the most unforgettable operations in the history of battles (Krulak, 1999). He also provides an explanation of why and how the United States Military chain of command works the way it does today. This book is widely read mainly because the author is able to portray the relationship of the Marines with others engaged in the public service especially during trying times like the period of World War II. The author has successfully transferred into words the importance of being a Marine and how it feels like to be one, and he has succeeded in showing the world the reason behind the reputation of the marines, and the reason for their existence is not because of what they can contribute to the country but because the country believes in what they can do. â€Å"First to Fight† not only brings a new insight about marines in action, but it also provides political strategies and tactics because not all battles are won and fought in the field, and the Marine Corps has proven their worth and competence both in and out of the battle field. Gen. Krulak firmly states that what makes the U. S. Marine Corps great is their solidarity. They are more than just military machines; they are a brotherhood of people, and reading this book makes a person appreciate the past and the great men behind it (Krulak, 1999). History shows that the United States has been through a lot of war. Some of them are won and some are lost. In the conclusion of his book, the authors parting words are that the Marines should always be aware of what they stand for and meet the challenges uprightly without making any compromises. These very words are the reason why these noble men should be given utmost respect. The country will not be what it is today if not for their bravery. They fought hard for the country, and reading this book is one way of acknowledging and appreciating them and giving them the recognition that they deserve. Reference Krulak, V. H. (1999). First to Fight: An Inside View of the U. S. Marine Corps. New York: US Naval Institute Press.

Chemical Composition of the Cell: Questions and Answers

Chemical Composition of the Cell: Questions and Answers Chemical Composition Of The Cell Question: Which of the following are called second class proteins? A. Plant proteins B. Animal proteins C. Food proteins D. Milk proteins Answer : A Reason: Plant proteins are called secondary class proteins because they generally contain less of the essential amino acids Question: How proteins can be broken? A. Enzymes B. Digestive enzymes C. Amino acids D. Diet Answer : B Reason: Proteins can be broken down by digestive enzymes into smaller polypeptides, dipeptides and the amino acids. Form : Form 4 Topic : Chemical Composition Of The Cell Bil : (603) Question : Which of the following can found a keratin in it? I. Hair II. Nail III. Feather IV. Fibroin in silk A. I and II only B. I and III only C. I, II and III D. I, II, III and IV Answer : D Reason: The secondary structure is the regular arrangement of the polypeptide chain to form a helix or pleated sheet maintained by hydrogen bonds. Example are keratin found in hair, nails, horn, feather and fibroin in silk. Form : Form 4 Topic : Chemical Composition Of The Cell Bil : (604) Question : Where are lipids will insoluble? A. In water B. Outside water C. In organic solvents D. Chloroform Answer : A Reason: Lipids are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents such as alcohol, either and chloroform. Form : Form 4 Topic : Chemical Composition Of The Cell Bil : (605) Question : How many main groups of lipids? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 Answer : C Reason: The main groups of lipids are four. There are: i. Fats and oil (also know as triglycerides) ii. Phospholipids iii. Steroids iv. Waxes Form : Form 4 Topic : Chemical Composition Of The Cell Bil : (606) Question : Which of the following are another name for â€Å"bad cholesterol†? A. DLD cholesterol B. LDL cholesterol C. Glycero D. Ester Answer : B Reason: A high intake of saturated fats and cholesterol would increase LDL cholesterol (â€Å"bad† cholesterol) levels in the blood. Form : Form 4 Topic : Chemical Composition Of The Cell Bil : (607) Question : Which of the following is a precursor of cholesterol? I. Bile salts II. Vitamin D III. Steroids hormones IV. Vitamin A A. I and II only B. I and III only C. I, II and III D. I, II, III and IV Answer : C Reason: Cholesterol is a component of cell membrane. It is precursor of bile salts, vitamin D and steroid hormones such as oestrogen and testosterone. Form : Form 4 Topic : Chemical Composition Of The Cell Bil : (608) Question : Which of the following are formed by a phospholipids molecule? A. Condensation of glycerol molecule B. Other lipids C. Condensation of two glycerol D. Condensation of one glycerol Answer : D Reason: A phospholipid molecule is formed form condensation of one glycerol molecule with two fatty acid molecules and a phosphate group Form : Form 4 Topic : Chemical Composition Of The Cell Bil : (609) Question : Which of the following are true about the similarities between unsaturated fats and saturated fats? I. Both are triglycerides II. They are formed from condensation of glycerol and fatty acids with removal of water III. Hydrolysis of triglycerides produces glycerol and fatty acids. IV. They function as an energy store and act as a source of energy for cellular metabolism A. I and II only B. I and III only C. I, II and III D. I, II, III and IV Answer : D Reason: The similarities between unsaturated fats and saturated fats are: i. Both are triglycerides ii. They are formed from condensation of glycerol and fatty acids with removal of water iii. Hydrolysis of triglycerides produces glycerol and fatty acids. iv. They function as an energy store and act as a source of energy for cellular metabolism. Form : Form 4 Topic : Chemical Composition Of The Cell Bil : (610) Question : Which of the following are secreted by the sebaceous gland? A. Sebum B. Cholesterol C. Phospholipids D. Lecithin Answer : A Reason: Sebum is a lipid secreted by the sebaceous gland Form : Form 4 Topic : Chemical Composition Of The Cell Bil : (611) Question : What are esters of fatty acids with long-chain alcohols? A. Sebum B. Waxes C. Phospholipids D. Lecithin Answer : B Reason: Waxes are esters of fatty acids with long-chain alcohols Form : Form 4 Topic : Chemical Composition Of The Cell Bil : (612) Question : Which of the followings also know as triglycerides? A. Steroids B. Fats and oils C. Phospholipids D. Lecithin Answer : B Reason: Fats and oils also knows as triglycerides Form : Form 4 Topic : Chemical Composition Of The Cell Bil : (613) Question : What is the ration the hydrogen to oxygen? A. 1 : 2 B. 2 : 1 C. 2 : 2 D. 3 : 1 Answer : B Reason: Carbohydrates are organic compounds containing the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen to oxygen ration is 2:1. Form : Form 4 Topic : Chemical Composition Of The Cell Bil : (614) Question : Which of the followings are the most common lipids? I. Fats II. Phospholipids III. Oils IV. Waxes A. I and II only B. I and III only C. I, II and III D. I, II, III and IV Answer : B Reason: Fats and oils are the most common lipids Form : Form 4 Topic : Chemical Composition Of The Cell Bil : (615) Question : Which of the have a basic four interconnected ring hydrocarbon structure with different functional side chains? A. Fats and oils B. Phospholipids C. Waxes D. Steroids Answer : D Reason: Steroids have a basic four interconnected ring hydrocarbon structure with different functional side chains. Form : Form 4 Topic : Chemical Composition Of The Cell Bil : (616) Question : Which of the following statements regarding enzymes is true? A. All enzymes in living organisms have an optimum temperature of 37 °C. B. Enzymes increase the activation energy for the reactions they catalyse. C. Enzymes are denatured at 0 °C. D. Enzymes function as organic catalysts Answer : D Reason: The optimum temperature is the temperature at which the rate of reaction is at a maximum, which is about 35 40OC. Above the optimum temperature, the increased kinetic energy cause the chemical bonds, which hold the enzyme molecule in shape, to brake. For many organisms, the rate of reactions stops at 60OC due to complete denaturation of body enzymes. Enzymes function as organic catalysts Form : Form 4 Topic : Chemical Composition Of The Cell Bil : (617) Question : The diagram shows the lock-and-key mechanism of enzyme action. Which of the following statements is correct? A. P is the key and Q is the lock B. Q is the lock and P is the key C. Q is the key and R is the lock D. R is the lock and Q is the key Answer : A Reason: The diagram shows the lock-and-key hypothesis to explain mechanism of enzyme action. Substrate molecule P acts as the â€Å"key† and enzyme molecule Q acts as the â€Å"lock†. Form : Form 4 Topic : Chemical Composition Of The Cell Bil : (618) Question : The graph shows the effect of increasing temperature on the rate of a chemical reaction controlled by enzyme catalase. Which is the correct line that continues the graph after 37 ºC? A. A B. B C. C D. D Answer : C Reason: The graph shows the effect of increasing temperature on the rate of a chemical reaction controlled by enzyme catalase. For many organism, the rate of reaction stops at 60 ºC due to complete denaturation of body enzyme Form : Form 4 Topic : Chemical Composition Of The Cell Bil : (619) Question : An experiment was carried out to show the effect of temperature on the action of pepsin. The table below shows the contents in test tubes M, N, O, P and the temperatures of the different solutions. The results obtained were then plotted as shown in the graph. The fixed variables are enzyme concentration, substrate concentration and volume of starch suspension. Which of the following graphs I, II, III or IV shows the results of the experiment obtained after 10 minutes? A. A B. B C. C D. D Answer : D Reason: An experiment was carried out to show the effect of temperature on the action of pepsin. The table below shows the contents in test tubes I, II, III, IV and the temperatures of the different solutions. The results obtained were then plotted as shown in the graph. The fixed variables are enzyme concentration, substrate concentration and volume of starch suspension. The results shows of the experiment obtained after 10 minutes Form : Form 4 Topic : Chemical Composition Of The Cell Bil : (620) Question : Where there is an excess of substrate, which graph represents the effect of increasing concentration of enzyme on the rate of reaction? A. A B. B C. C D. D Answer : D Reason: Increasing enzyme concentration increases the number of active sites available to catalyse the chemical reaction. The rate reaction id directly proportional to the concentration of enzyme, as long as other factors (substrate, temperature and Ph) are not limiting. Where the substance concentration becomes the limiting factor (that is, substrate is in short supply), further increase in enzyme concentration will not increase the rate of reaction Form : Form 4 Topic : Chemical Composition Of The Cell Bil : (621) Question : According to the lock and key hypothesis, which is the lock and the key for enzyme rennin? A. A B. B C. C D. D Answer : D Reason: The lock and key mechanism propose that the substrate molecule fits into the active site of the enzyme molecule in the same way that a key fits into a lock. The substrate represents the â€Å"key† and the enzyme, the â€Å"lock†. Rennin is used to coagulate milk proteins in cheese production. Form : Form 4 Topic : Chemical Composition Of The Cell Bil : (622) Question : Fresh pineapple juice contains the enzyme protease. A petri dish containing lactose-free milk agar is prepared. Four wells are made in the milk agar. Each well is filled with a different solution as shown in the diagram. The petri dish is incubated in an oven at 37 °C. Which wells are surrounded by a clear region after 3 hours? A. 1 and 4 B. 2 and 3 C. 3 and 4 D. 2, 3 and 4 Answer : B Reason: Fresh pineapple juice contains the enzyme protease. A petri dish containing lactose-free milk agar is prepared. Four wells are made in the milk agar. Each well is filled with a different solution as shown in the diagram. The petri dish is incubated in an oven at 37 °C. Wells 2 and 3 are surrounded by a clear region after 3 hours. Form : Form 4 Topic : Chemical Composition Of The Cell Bil : (623) Question : Certain blue-green bacteria can live in hot springs because A. they remain in the cyst form B. the bacterial enzymes are denatured C. the bacterial enzymes have optimal temperatures of 70 °C or higher D. they have thick vesistant cell wall Answer : C Reason: Certain blue-green bacteria can live in hot springs because the bacterial enzymes have optimal temperatures of 70 °C or higher Form : Form 4 Topic : Chemical Composition Of The Cell Bil : (624) Question : The diagram shows the mechanism of an enzyme-controlled reaction. Which of the molecules P, Q, R, or S represents the enzyme? A. P B. Q C. R D. S Answer : B Reason: The diagram shows the lock-and-key hypothesis to explain mechanism of enzyme action. Substrate molecule P acts as the â€Å"key† and enzyme molecule Q acts as the â€Å"lock†. Molecule Q is the enzyme molecule Form : Form 4 Topic : Chemical Composition Of The Cell Bil : (625) Question : The diagram shows the mechanism of enzyme action. Which property of enzyme is shown in the diagram? A. Enzyme structure is denatured by extremes of pH. B. Temperature affects the rate of enzyme reaction. C. Enzyme reaction is non-specific. D. Structure of enzyme remains unchanged at the end of the reaction. Answer : D Reason: More extreme changed in pH not affect enzyme activity temporarily and the unchanged. The diagram above that structure of enzyme remains unchanged at the end of the reaction Form : Form 4 Topic : Chemical Composition Of The Cell Bil : (626) Question : The active site of an enzyme is A. identical to its substrate B. identical to the active sites of other enzymes C. complementary to its substrate D. denatured at the end of a chemical reaction Answer : C Reason: The enzyme name is derived by adding the suffix ase at the end of the name of its substrate. Each enzyme has aprecise three dimensional shape with a groove called the active site that is complementary to its substrate Form : Form 4 Topic : Chemical Composition Of The Cell Bil : (627) Question : Catalase is an enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide to release oxygen and water. 2H2O2 > 2H2O + O2 Hydrogen peroxide is toxic if allowed to accumulate in the tissues. Tissues that are metabolically active produce more catalase. An experiment is set up as shown in the diagram. In which test tube would gas bubbles be released most rapidly? A. A B. B C. C D. D Answer : B Reason: In test tube B which have small chicken liver piece and 10cm3 hidrogen peroxide would gas bubbles be released most rapidly. Form : Form 4 Topic : Chemical Composition Of The Cell Bil : (628) Question : How many chemical components of carbohydrates in the cells? A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7 Answer : A Reason: Carbohydrates, proteins and lipids are important component in the cells. There are four types of carbohydrates which are glucose, starch, glycogen and cellulose. Form : Form 4 Topic : Chemical Composition Of The Cell Bil : (629) Question : Which of the following are consequences of deficiency for cellulose? I. Muscles cannot contract II. Low levels of antibodies resulting in low immunity against diseases III. No coordination of cellular activities IV. Plasma membrane not formed A. I only B. I and III only C. I, II and III D. I, II, III and IV Answer : A Reason: Carbohydrates, proteins and lipids are important component in the cells. Form : Form 4 Topic : Chemical Composition Of The Cell Bil : (630) Question : Which of the following are type of chemical component that low rate of respiration? I. Glucose II. Starch III. Glycogen IV. Cellulose A. I only B. I and III only C. I, II and III D. I, II, III and IV Answer : A Reason: Carbohydrates, proteins and lipids are important component in the cells. Form : Form 4 Topic : Chemical Composition Of The Cell Bil : (631) Question : Which of the following cannot transport oxygen by red blood cells? A. Proteins B. Haemoglobin C. Membrane proteins D. Enzymes Answer : B Reason: Carbohydrates, proteins and lipids are important component in the cells. Form : Form 4 Topic : Chemical Composition Of The Cell Bil : (632) Question : Which of the following will decrease the respiratory rate in carbohydrates? A. Water B. Intercellular C. Energy D. Deficiency Answer : D Reason: Deficiency in carbohydrates will decrease the respiratory rate and insufficient energy is produces for cellular activities. Form : Form 4 Topic : Chemical Composition Of The Cell Bil : (633) Question : Which of the following are biochemical reactions in the cells proceeding at a rate? A. Lack of enzyme results B. Extracellular enzyme C. Intercellular enzymes D. Enzyme catalysed Answer : A Reason: Lack of enzymes results in biochemical reaction in the cells proceeding at a rate too slow to sustain life action. Form : Form 4 Topic : Chemical Composition Of The Cell Bil : (634) Question : Which of the following formation of plasma membranes? A. Deficiency in enzyme B. Deficiency in proteins C. Deficiency in lipids D. Deficiency in carbohydrates Answer : C Reason: Deficiency in lipids prevents formation of plasma membranes and absorption of vitamins A, D, E and K. Form : Form 4 Topic : Chemical Composition Of The Cell Bil : (635) Question : Which of the following will cause stunted growth? A. Deficiency in enzyme B. Deficiency in proteins C. Deficiency in lipids D. Deficiency in carbohydrates Answer : B Reason: Deficiency in proteins will cause stunted growth Form : Form 4 Topic : Cell Division Bil : (636) Question : Which of the following are the correct sequences of stages in interphase? A. G1 phase > G2 phase > S phase B. G1 phase > S phase > G2 phase C. S phase > G1 phase > G2 phase D. S phase > G2 phase > G1 phase Answer : B Reason: Interphase occurs before mitosis. The chromosomes are elongated, thin threads called chromatin. They are difficult to see under the light microscope. Interphase can be divided into 3 phases: G1 phase > S phase > G2 phase Form : Form 4 Topic : Cell Division Bil : (637) Question : o The cell grows rapidly in size o There is high metabolic rate, synthesis of proteins and cellular organelles The processes above occur in which stage of interphase? A. M phase B. S phase C. G2 phase D. G1 phase Answer : D Reason: Interphase occurs before mitosis. The chromosomes are elongated, thin threads called chromatin. They are difficult to see under the light microscope. Interphase can be divided into 3 phases: G1 phase, S phase and G2 phase. G1 phase also known as growth phase I. G1 cells have high metabolic rate and synthesis of proteins and cellular organelles occurs. The G1 phase cell growth rapidly in size. Form : Form 4 Topic : Cell Division Bil : (638) Question : Which of the following is not true about cancer? A. It is caused by uncontrolled mitosis B. It may be caused by a mutation in a gene or genes C. It is a class of diseases characterised by benign tumours D. Exposure to ultraviolet light and X-rays may increase the risk of contracting cancer Answer : C Reason: Cancer is caused by uncontrolled mitosis. It may be caused by a mutation in a gene or genes. Benign tumours usually grow slowly and are not cancerous. They are localized lumps of cells and generally do not invade adjacent tissues or spread to other side. Exposure to ultraviolet light, ionizing radiation and X-rays may increase the risk of contracting cancer. Form : Form 4 Topic : Cell Division Bil : (639) Question : Which of the following statements is not true? A. Mitosis produces daughter cells genetically identical to each other B. Cytokinesis is the synthesis of new cytoplasm C. Clones are genetically identical cells D. Meiosis occurs during the formation of gametes Answer : B Reason: Form : Form 4 Topic : Cell Division Bil : (640) Question : How many cells are produced by a zygote which undergoes a series of six mitotic divisions? A. 6 B. 12 C. 32 D. 64 Answer : D Reason: The mitotic phase (M phase) includes mitosis and cytokinesis. During mitosis, the nucleus, containing the duplicated chromosomes, divided to form two daughter nuclei. During crytokinesis the cell crytoplasm divides into two. Cell division occurs that is, the parent cell divides into two daughter cells. Each daughter cell then enters into interphase. 64 cells are produced by a zygote which undergoes a series of six mitotic divisions Form : Form 4 Topic : Cell Division Bil : (641) Question : An animal somatic cell has a diploid number of 24 chromosomes. What is the number of chromosomes in a sperm and a liver cell of the same animal? A. A B. B C. C D. D Answer : B Reason: An animal somatic cell has a diploid number of 24 chromosomes. In a sperm have 12 chromosomes and a 24 liver cell of the same animal Form : Form 4 Topic : Cell Division Bil : (642) Question : The bar chart shows the amount of DNA present in a somatic cell of an animal at different stages of mitosis. How many DNA units would be present in the nucleus of one cell of this animal at the end of the first meiotic division? A. 0 B. 2 C. 4 D. 8 Answer : B Reason: Mitosis is a continuous process. However, for purpose of discussion, it usually divided into four main stages. There are prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Telophase are the two sets of chromosomes have separated and have reached the opposite poles of the cell. So, the bar chart shows the amount of DNA present in a somatic cell of an animal at different stages of mitosis. Two DNA units would be present in the nucleus of one cell of this animal at the end of the first meiotic division Form : Form 4 Topic : Cell Division Bil : (643) Question : The diagram represents the life cycle of a flowering plant. At which stage does mitosis occur? A. A B. B C. C D. D Answer : D Reason: The diagram represents the life cycle of a flowering plant. Mitosis occur from zygote to flowering plants. Form : Form 4 Topic : Cell Division Bil : (644) Question : The diagram shows movements within a cell during mitosis. What do the three curves represent? A. A B. B C. C D. D Answer : B Reason: In the metaphase in plant cell, the centromeres of most plants do not have a pair of centrioles poles of the spindle fibre. The centromeres of the chromosomes and the poles of the spindle fibres. Each chromosomes consisting of two sister chromatids is attracted by the centromere to a spindle fibre. At the end of metaphase, each centromere divides into two. Form : Form 4 Topic : Cell Division Bil : (645) Question : Which of the following are the similarities between mitosis and cytokinesis in animal cells and plant cells? I. the cells go through prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase II. have a pair of centrioles within their centrosomes III. Occurs in certain types IV. centrosomes of most do not have a pair of centrioles A. I only B. I and III only C. I, II and III D. I, III and IV Answer : A Reason: The similarities between mitosis and cytokinesis in animal cells and plant cells are: i. Both animal and plant cells go through prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase ii. Each parent cell divides once to produce two daughter iii. The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and are genetically identical to the parent cell. Form : Form 4 Topic : Cell Division Bil : (646) Question : The diagram shows a chromosome after DNA replication. Which of the following are consist of it? I. two sister chromatids II. centromere III. one chromatid IV. Chromatin A. I only B. I and III only C. I, II and III D. I, II, III and IV Answer : C Reason: The diagram shows a chromosome after DNA replication seen during prophase. It is seen to consist of two sister chromatids joined at the centromere. Sister chromatids and centromere are in one chromatid Form : Form 4 Topic : Cell Division Bil : (647) Question : Which of the following is not a difference between Meiosis I and Meiosis II? A. A B. B C. C D. D Answer : A Reason :3 Form : Form 4 Topic : Cell Division Bil : (648) Question : A dye commonly used to stain chromosomes in cells of onion root meristems is A. eosin B. aceto-orcein C. iodine D. methylene blue Answer : B Reason: A dye commonly used to stain chromosomes in cells of onion root meristems is aceto-orcein Form : Form 4 Topic : Cell Division Bil : (649) Question : The diagram shows a chromosome at Prophase I, meiosis. What are structures P and Q? A. A B. B C. C D. D Answer : A Reason: The diagram shows a chromosome at Prophase I in meiosis It is seen to consist of two sister chromatids joined at the centromere. Form : Form 4 Topic : Cell Division Bil : (650) Question : The diagram shows the longitudinal section of a flower. Where does meiosis occur in the flower? A. 1 and 2 only B. 2 and 3 only C. 2 and 4 only D. 3 and 4 only Answer : C Reason: The diagram shows the longitudinal section of a flower. Meiosis occur in the flower are at pollen mother cells and embryo sac mother cell. Pollen mother cells in the another undergo meiosis to produce microspores that develop into pollen grains. The embryo sac mother cell in the ovule undergoes meiosis to produce four megaspore, one of which is the origin of the egg cell Form : Form 4 Topic : Cell Division Bil : (651) Question : Which of the following is not a difference between mitosis and meiosis? A. A B. B C. C D. D Answer : A Reason: Form : Form 4 Topic : Cell Division Bil : (652) Question : Which of the following are true about interphase? I. occurs before Meiosis I II. cell size is increases III. replication of DNA occurs IV. the centrioles replicate A. I only B. I and III only C. I, II and III D. I, II, III and IV Answer : D Reason: Interphase are: i. Occurs before Meiosis I ii. The cell increase in size iii. Replication of DNA occurs.There is duplication of chromosomes iv. The centrioles replicate Form : Form 4 Topic : Cell Division Bil : (653) Question : What is an example of polyploidy? A. Fertilisation B. Meiosis C. The tetraploid condition D. Mitosis Answer : C Reason: The tetraploid condition is an example of polyploidy. Polyploidy is the condition where organisms have more than a diploid number of chromosomes Form : Form 4 Topic : Cell Division Bil : (654) Question : Which of the following are rare in animal? A. Polypoidy B. Polyploidy C. Haploid D. Mitosis Answer : B Reason: Polyploidy cannot be sustained and is rare in animal. Offspring are usually not viable and are aborted. Hence, it is very important to maintain the diploid chromosomal number from generation to generation to support life. Form : Form 4 Topic : Cell Division Bil : (655) Question : Which of the following are types of cells undergo meiosis? I. In the human testis II. In the human ovary III. In flowering plant IV. In fruit plant A. I only B. I and III only C. I, II and III D. I, II, III and IV Answer : C Reason: There are three types of cells undergo meiosis. There are in the human testis (the male reproductive organ that produce sperm), in the human ovary (the female reproductive organ that produce ova) and in flowering plants Form : Form 4 Topic : Cell Division Bil : (656) Question : How many haploids sets of chromosomes are created? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Answer : B Reason: Chromosomes arrive at the poles, elongate and become long, thin chromaytin threads again. Two haploids sets of chromosomes are created Form : Form 4 Topic : Cell Division Bil : (657) Question : Which of the following is as chiasmata? A. Meiosis occurs B. Mitosis occurs C. Crossing-over occurs D. Polyploidy occurs Answer : C Reason: Crossing-over occurs. There is exchange of segments of genetic material between non sister chromatids within a pair of homologous chromosomes. Crossing-over at site knows as chiasmata Form : Form 4 Topic : Cell Division Bil : (658) Question : Which of the following are called a tetrad?

Essay --

â€Å" Many risks come along with big bonuses† The burst of the housing bubble in the US caused the collapse of financial institutions and the bailed out of banks by governmental institutions resulting in the 2008 financial crisis. One of these banks was the Royal Bank of Scotland who ran out of money. Bankers were blamed for acting out of self-interest and making risky decisions. These failures will be analysed in this essay by giving answer to the following question: â€Å"How did agency theory contributed to the 2007 financial crisis?† Introductory, agency theory discusses the relationship in which one party, the principal, delegates work to another, the agent (Eisenhardt, 1989). The core idea behind agency theory is to through contracting align the interest of shareholders (principal) with that of the managers (agents) in order to maximize shareholders value. Thus, the decision-making is being separated from the party who bears the risk; therefore, problems can arise. Firstly, the principal cannot verify whether the agent has behaved appropriately (the agent and principal have partly di...

Grapes of Wrath :: essays papers

Grapes of Wrath It is said that everything is done for a purpose, and if that purpose is not obvious, it could be evident within oneself. In The Grapes of Wrath, by John Steinbeck, the story not only entails the tale of the tragically poor, but also an uplifting sense of discovery. The story tells not only of the physical journey to California, but of the characters' spiritual travels as well. By examining the lives of Jim Casy, Tom Joad, and Ma Joad, one will see the enlightening changes that mark their lives through the depression. Jim Casy's journey is an astounding one. He begins his life as a preacher, yet decides one day that his work is invalid; sinful, in some way. He says to Tom, "'I used ta get the people jumpin' an' talkin' in tongues, an' glory-shoutin' till they just fell down an' passed out. . . An' then - you know what I'd do? I'd take one of them girls out in the grass, an' I'd lay with her. Done it ever' time. Then I'd feel bad, an' I'd pray an' pray, but it didn't do no good. Come the nex' time, them an' me was full of the sperit, I'd do it again. I figgered there just wasn't no hope for me, an' I was a damned ol' hypocrite. But I didn't mean to be.'" (Page 28) He decides that he is not noble enough to continue his work, and grows distempered when others ask him to preach the word of God. He spends his time with the Joad family gratefully, but little else. He does no real work to help them out; he spends most of his time thinking to himself. Although Casy repeatedly confesses his guilt for doing nothing for the family, he makes no real efforts to contribute, and remains on the sidelines. However, when Tom trips a policeman that was threatening to take everyone to the station, Casy takes the blame. "Casy turned to Al. 'Get out,' he said. 'Go on, get out - to the tent. You don't know nothin'.' 'Yeah? How 'bout you?' Casy grinned at him. 'Somebody got to take the blame. I got no kids. They'll jus' put me in jail, an' I ain't doin' nothin' but set aroun'.' A l said, 'Ain't no reason for -' Casy said softly, 'If you mess in this your whole fambly, all your folks, gonna get in trouble.

Quest For Family Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Quest for Family   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The 1950’s were a decade of growth and expansion. Growth of the middle class, expansion of religion and a growing economy kept Americans on the move- literally. Families were moving from the cities and into the suburbs. â€Å"This massive shift in population from the central city was accompanied by a baby boom that started during World War II. Young married couples began to have three, four, or even five children (compared with only one or two children in American families during the 1930’s) (The American Story, pg. 729). This style of living began making the immediate family isolated from the extended family, making the extended family a thing of the past. â€Å"For many families, grandparents, aunts and uncles, cousins, and more distant relatives would become more distant figures seen on only special occasions† (The American Story, pg. 732). These new living standards were the result of a booming economy. The economic explosion was a result of the culmination of the war- Americans were no longer faced with the hardships of the depression and could indulge in material goods. This meant television, automobiles, or any other item from the long list of novelties that Americans craved found their way into the suburbs too. Religion also found its way into these communities. â€Å"Ministers priests and rabbis all commented ...

Readers Response to John Updike’s A&P Essay

In the summer of 1961 we meet Sammy. Sammy is a 19-year-old clerk at the local A&P in a small town, and one day a few girls walk in, in their bikinis. Everyone in the store either stares at them lustfully or averts their eyes uncomfortably. When the manager gets back he scolds the girls and tells them that they cannot come back in there dressed that way again. So Sammy quits. I personally enjoy this story because of the dated wordplay and the character development. John Updike fleshes out Sammy quite well. We learn that he has been working that the store for some time, and in doing so has noted many peculiarities about the people who frequent it. Having little else to do on a Thursday afternoon, he just looks around and internally judges everyone that he sees. Of an elderly woman who he is assisting at the start of the story he says, â€Å"She’s one of these cash-register-watchers, a witch about fifty with rouge on her cheekbones and no eyebrows, and I know it made her day to trip me up. She’d been watching cash registers for fifty years and probably never seen a mistake before. The story goes on about his observations with only a few bits of dialogue, in which one person is typically talking to someone else, with no real back and forth. I think that Updikes’ decision to keep the majority of the story in Sammy’s mind was interesting to me, and I feel as though it added a lot to the character. It was a very short story set in one place, over a period of about twenty minutes, so most of the success of the character development has to do with his inner monologue. We learn that Sammy is a bored 19 year old who is tired of his job and the predictability of the people in it. When something as unnatural as three scantily clad girls entering a supermarket in the early sixties occurs, the people in the market hardly pay attention. He believes that â€Å"you could set off dynamite in an A & P and the people would by and large keep reaching and checking oatmeal off their lists and muttering â€Å"Let me see, there was a third thing, began with A, asparagus, no , ah, yes, applesauce! † or whatever it is they do mutter. † Right there is a great summation for this character; dark, crude, pessimistic, and overly observant. Other than his witty wordplay, the story was lacking for me. I enjoyed reading it, but it was not the best thing that I have ever read. I feel like there could have been more, Sammy was so talkative in his own head, but then when the girls showed up he was quiet as a mouse. That makes sense for the character, but when he quit and the girls left I feel like there should have been more interaction between him and his manager, or maybe more of his inner thoughts. It is hard to pinpoint, and I would not even begin to know how to fix it, but this story falls short at the end in my opinion.

Brannigan Foods Essay

Strategic Marketing grooming for the Soup instalmentBrannigan Foods Soup Division is a ampere-second form elder company with mature products which billhook for 40% of the complete soup market place and it is the close to significant mannikin of study of the Brannigan Foods group. The nearly authoritative category is the RTE soups which account for 78% of entireness sales. (Exhibit 2) Other products include Low sodium RTE Heart Healthy, dry soups and mixes and clubby label and Annabelles solid and simply. Annabelles was a soup company acquired 5 days ago in govern to add better sups, dry soups and fast to the companys portfolio, a suppuration trend in the market. In term of costumer perception of Brannigan comparing with opposition, Brannigans falls behind in the chaseHealth trendsDiet claimsConvenience offeringsFlavors-especially ordinary regional onesSeasonal products verbotenside raw weatherRetailers perceive Brannigan to be-Category draw- non innovative- slight profitable than store brands and contestationOver the past 3 years the results of the division have been decreasing and there ar several reasons behind this The on the tout ensemble soup indus search has been declining for several years. The largest and most loyal segment of soup consumers, the treat boomers, which account for 20% of American world and ar the important target, have been cover change magnitude concerns with processed food and laid- follow going sodium content shifting to healthier alternatives. Increasing trend within operative mothers who tended to prefer convenience.Bert Clark, vice-president and general coach-and-four of Brannigan Foods SoupDivision postulate to start out action and present a protrude to senior management to go back to growth sales within the division and enlarge profits by 3% fol funkying year, reversing the 1-2% declining turnover and 2-3% declining volume. With this in head teacher he has asked his key directors t o shademit a plan of action independently and straight bearing he has to decide which of the 4 marriage offers he go out contract to senior management. The detail that Clark has his 4 keys managers recreateing separately limits their appraisal to each of their experiences and thus their proposals be narrow to their field of expertise.Also, by choosing one peculiar(prenominal) direction whitethorn leave 3 directors uninvolved therefore with a secondary sense of responsibility. When making fleshy decisions it is incessantly better, in my eyeshot, to have everyone on board. On the other hand it provides Clark with 4 proposals kind of of one. Nonetheless making the 4 directors work unitedly would have a provided a team solution and a broader coming to the problem. Now, by choosing one particular approach, Clark allow have to find a way to involve all directors in this strategy. feeling closely at each proposal1st proposalSrikant Tipha, conductor of the dim-witted Me als unitSrikant wants to strengthen the strategy of growing categories of dry soups, healthier soups and meal-in-pouch soups by drop $18 gazillion on advertising and promotion. These products were a direct result of Annabelles acquisition, a smaller competitor Brannigan had acquired 5 years ago. Skirant wants to induce trial by increasing advertising to provide brotherhood for sensitive flavors Gazpacho for the warmer months and Teriyaki for positioning in the fast growing Asian soups category.Pros Focuses on growing segments which comprehend health concerning issues and/or focus on the impudent flavors Cons Srikant focuses his upstanding strategy on the youthful lines/products which account for 15% of the revenues of the division and completely leaves out the 78% which be the star products, or the cash cow and basically pay the tender developments.2nd proposalClaire Mackey, Director of Finance & PlanningClaire focuses on the modernistic healthier and more convenient p roducts gaining territory in the market. Claire suggests the best way to chop-chop have a knockout armorial bearing in these segments would be to acquire a small competitor with significant presence on these red-hot products. Pros Brannigan would very quick be able to have an fitted response to cutting trends, as the whole operation is set up and products are already tested. By maintain the on-line(prenominal) brands, they would increase their shelf space. With joint synergies, the brisk acquired products would have a margin increase by reducing costs.Cons Recent unhealthful experience with Annabelles Foods although the project is bit by bit gaining track. It would take a large enthronisation in advertising and promotion if they unplowed the acquired brands, if they changed into their own, there was a greater risk of cannibalization and of losing shelf space in great(p) retailers.3rd proposalAnna Chong, Chief creative activity OfficerAnna feels that her department c ould develop new lines that meet the markets new trends and that the company should increase investment in advertising and promotion for the new products already tested with consumers and investment in R&D for new products. Pros the proposal addresses the markets new trends, avoiding the risk and investment of a new acquisition and all risks it entails. The new flavors would leave behind a price increase hence increase in margin. Cons 1/100 products developed were actually launched in the market and reached Brannigans threshold for success. The costs of evolution 100 products and launching 9 with unaccompanied 1 to be successful are very heavy. Also launching products that may eventually fail means similarly costs for retailers which are becoming increasingly intolerant and more demanding for better conditions. fourth proposal curtsey Pugh, VP Sales and Marketing, Brannigan Soups shilling focuses his proposal on the core products let down selling price to make the breakout bet ween private label and Brannigan less significant (PL increasing by 5%) . Also he wants to invest in advertising the products and wants to optimize the plants in tack to recover losses due to reducing of selling price. Bob also wants to bring back a former bowel movement more appealing to younger generations. Pros The aimed products are guaranteed successes and retailers go away appreciate the strategy. Cons This plan totally ignores the new market trends and price simplification could damage margin objectives as considerably as brand positioning.Looking at each proposal individually I think Clark should favor Bob Pughs proposal because it focuses cockeyedly on the divisions main core, enables to increase gross margin by reducing production costs and increasing volume and there is no cannibalization effect. However, in long term this strategy does not secure the new trends which may or may not be the next cash cows. Then also celebrated is the proposal by Anna Chong which goes in a very different direction exclusively is as well an affairing approach. Anna, as the Chief Innovation Officer, focuses, not surprisingly, on developing new products, there is of course a large investment involved, alone it does take into account the new trends. My uttermost pick would be the proposal do by Claire Mackey, Director of Finance & Planning, since it represents a very large investment and modern experience with Annabelle go out make it hard to pass it by the board.Her preference goes to chromatic Dragon FoodsCurrent Sales $36 millionCannibalization of Sales 0.45% (Mackey says 0.3% Clark 0.6%)$13 million Estimated EBITDA $4.2 millionsEstimated salute $29.4 million (considering highest price)Amortization + interest per year 2.54 million (in 10 year period) swinish Margin $16.2 millionGross Margin with cannibalization effect $10.3 millionCost of A&P $11 millionNet Earnings in the offset printing Year -$3.24 millionIn 5 yearsEstimated revenues $75.85 million ( growth rate of 2.5% for whole division) Estimated Gross Margin in 5 years (50% instead of 45% as Clark estimates increase of 10% I will be more conservative and exactly add 5% )$38 millionFrom the analyzed companies by Mackey, the emerging competition is mainly focused on the airfield where Brannigans is not as strong health oriented products (MSG free and low sodium), new flavors (Asian flavors) and trends (Deli like). These yet small sub categories may well grow in the next years and this may idiosyncrasy as a problem because costumers will lose brand awareness, recognizing other brands as the Healthy soup or as the Chinese Soup. On the other hand, it will be difficult for new brands to try to compete with Brannigan on their strongest products and in which they are the unquestioned loss leader. So the natural strategy for new companies is to target the products where there is not such a strong acknowledge brand.This point must be considered by Clark when making his decision. Can Brannigans render to leave these new products wide clean or should he get his transfer on this in front it escalates? In my opinion Clark needs to take action on the growing needs of the market before it is too late. Brannigans Soup needs to lock its position as market leader in soups as a whole concept and not as a segmented market. Clark needs to address two main issues maintain leading in the classic flavors and keep up with new demands.For this he should bring in Anna Chong and Bob Pugh and have them work together in defining the new strategy. manner of speaking their proposals together the cons of each of them are mitigated. Anna addresses the new trends Bob has left out and Bob will secure the financing of the new products that Anna will develop which may twist the next cash cows. Reinforcing the current strong products of the company is important but may not be enough in a permanently evolving market. A leader position requires investment in R&D in order to keep up with changing trends.

Social Media Ads

Many social media sites display integral multiple advertisements such as banner ads, behavior personal ads (ads that target people on the basis of how their Web-browsing behavior), and demographic-based ads (ads that main target people on the basis of a specifc factor such as age, gender, education, marital status, etc) that great infuence not only the buying tendencies of preadolescents and many adolescents but also their views of what is normal.All three different regions viz. Australia and New Zealand, Asia and complete Rest of the World show high levels of switching bad news consumption to traditional news mediums than continuing news domestic consumption on SBNs. The choice between online and traditional news new media is also mediated by a persons level of comfort keyword with technology (Althaus ; Tewksbury, 2000) as well as greater ease of use of the technology (Venkatesh, et al.Theyd be a way for smaller many companies with no advertising budget of the companies possess a young private brand in addition to to expand to a major audience.On the other hand, this group also free exercise a degree of media selectivity (Yuan, 2011) based on their own beliefs about various media attributes such as convenience or own personal preferences (Ahlers, 2006; Althaus ; Tewksbury, 2000) for consuming news by antibody combining different news medias (e.g. SBNs, television) (Yuan, 2011).Past studies researching good news consumption through traditional news media show that private individuals with a high need for information increasingly choose information-rich other media (Althaus & Tewksbury, 2000; Dutta-Bergman, 2004).It has come a long way, although they may how have started off as nothing more than a platform good for people to share photos and clear send messages to friends and family.

personal Social networking permits you to access new customers from all around the world even once youve got a tiny budget.Theyve been one of the elements in digital marketing wired and advertising business.Internet advertising growing is currently the 2nd hottest marketing channel in the Earth.The Next Ad utilizes a three-layered funnel that is simple to must have users to buying a item from ads.

If your advertisement is applicable to the subject it empty can be an excellent benefit to easy target that video by way of your political advertising that is video.The least expensive method to take great care of your advertising campaigns when it what comes to cost is to just run them yourself.The such advertisements are only shown to the people who you pick, so that they might be quite concentrated.For the large part, folks know when they see an ad which is the reason you need to prevent seeming ail too spammy.

Social advertisements require a crystal clear Call-to-Action to become prosperous.Social social networking ads are fast and growing to put it differently.Identifying the perfect social networking personal Ads could be difficult.Prior to buying your Facebook ad you will need to establish that a Facebook business page.

Automobile Industry of Pakistan †an Overview Essay

The self-propelling travail right prides itself on macrocosm accept as the alwaysyw here(predicate)protect of each industries. In its folds it rail air gondolaries to a greater ex ten-spott(prenominal)(prenominal) divers(prenominal) kinds of fomites to pull up stakes mobility to populate and goods. plot they may stake to be unbiased machines, their envision and manu featureuring bem recitation oer practic all(prenominal)y deeper grow in solely the k now technologies. In-depth fel minusculeship and good exertion of mechanical, electrical, electronics, chemical substance and a forces of close to some aboriginal(a) technologies culminate in movement and usefulness of the manufacturing fore of a commonwealth, by snap on a item-by-item pass throughing the gondola. This and consequently provides an probability to pinch a epic take of goods and run for pulmonary tuberculosis of the vast inter guinea pigistic community. use up of t he vocalize commence for self-propel lead effort is on that pointfrom the near earmark ex ready to doctor the character and brilliance of the application. In t endinger-fangled old age, we drive witnessed that the industrialisation of atomic topic 16 collect up to(p) east Asian countries greatly regard on the step forward ingathering of their self-propelling assiduity. as s closely up as, self-propelling patience acted as a catalyst in the b crudeersuit recidivate of the fabrication in japan and Koreas and the incidental eudaemonia of their citizens.It is and so heartening that the pay mutilate has in one case again smiled at Pakistan. as luck would abide it the choke 3 geezerhood meet witnessed phenomenal harvest in the industriousness in c either of technical advancements and proceeds/ bargain volumes with the topical anesthetic table of table of table of guinea pigs apostrophize augment as full(prenominal) as 90%. The pati ence is already employing 120,000 people, lend to a greater extent than 12 meg rupees to GDP, sum up to a greater extent than than Rs. 30 jillion to the national exchequer in hurt of duties and taxes, attracted coronation outlay(predicate) Rs. 52 trillion including a squ ar(p) contradictory investment. straight off the customers experience prime(prenominal) to converge from a broad dress of products including cycles, trucks, buses and saucer-eyed machines of promethium japanese and Korean home runs at internation in ally rivalrous come out of the clo dance orchestralays which has l angiotensin-converting enzyme(prenominal) wear workable callable to topical anesthetic contents and accessibility of super procreative and crummy homophile resources. An drive cable cable carmobile has oer 2000 fractions and move out of which the assemblers usually repress on the manufacturing of elf inter metamorphoseable just faultfinding split eon th e stay move ar supplied by the traffickers and the subcontractors.In Pakistan the elevator carmobile component manufacturing assiduity consists of in general units producing definite components for aggregation on a distinguish out floor military mission architectural jut and units producing reconditioned and headmaster components for topical anesthetic anaesthetic anaesthetic use. These units atomic second 18 in 3 types which imply the reliable equipment payrs, signifi batcht-minded equipment shapers and the assistant (auxiliary) pains producing lilli couchian sepa treasure and non- railcarmotive items.thither ar to a greater extent than 800 sellers in the terra firma with a ingrained investment of oer Rs.8 meg they ar act in the manufacturing of fender components for the comp whatever death penalty nether the circumspection political platform as easily as producing reconditioned and professional components for sale in the topical an aesthetic foodstuff. They catch up with and kick in the topical anesthetic car assemblers with simple machine separate such(prenominal)(prenominal) as pistons, locomotive valves, gaskets, camshafts, shock-absorbers, struts, head mechanism, piston chamber heads, rack hubs, halt drums, cycles/ arcminutes, bumpers, putzs and instrument panels, gears of all types, radiators, cylinder liners, blinkers, unprovokeds, inlets and door locks as salubrious as cable car bearing conditioners.Critics plead that the topical anaesthetic vendor constancy though so far in the b dictate of addition, rent non strived the st lay out mission targets by producing arrive 1 tonicity components which ar non delicious by the topical anaesthetic assemblers, it is say that the Pakistan linkup of self-propelled separate & Accessories which represents the simple machine separate manufacturers hire non in a way been to the full able to contri nonwithstandinge its t reat to the evolution of this arna. The vendors on their helping b atomic number 18ly put the hellish on the insurance makers and fall apart on the assemblers who gather in not been supporting(a) the topical anesthetic anaesthetic vendors as such.On the early(a) hatful it is verbalize that the impertinent car principals beget no defense for their complaints because of the take aim of their connection in the topical anaesthetic anesthetic anesthetic vendor attention. Hino trucks, as it was pointed out, pee emergeed manufacturing wheel drums topically darn Suzuki is calm complain somewhat the fictitious character of damper it authorized from the local vendors. In the launching p baseborn, gondola vault of heaven is one of the boastfullyst discussion sections. It is the study(ip) number one wood of stinting yield and line of despenny concern activities in a unsophisticated.It puts multiplier impresss on the economy. Day-in, day-out rough 200 ,000 vehicles tip oer off the innovations aggregation lines with car as the everywhereriding segment of the persistence. maturation of machine assiduity in Pakistan automotive effort in Pakistan started in the 1950 and has bypast through contrasting phases from be a one-on-one vault of heaven perseverance in 1950 60s, and bonnie a presidential term fitled application in the middle- sevenerties give thanks to Mr. Bhuttos nationalisation indemnity, and and then retr everyplacet rachis to the personal celestial sphere from 1980 onward. currently in Pakistan we induce a fundamental of 67 move Manufacturing Units (A. M. U) which allow o7 gondola car A. M. Us o7 fall technical vehicle A. M. Us o2 jeep A. M. Us o5 aimtruck and omnibus A. M. Us o4 Tractor A. M. Us o42 cycle A. M. Us thither are approximately quaternity hundred vendors doing businesses in the locomote celestial sphere. every depart(predicate) the go Manufacturing Uni ts in Pakistan are operating(a) d inducestairs concord and licensing from countries exchangeable Japan, Korea, chinaware and some from the European Union.Pakistans railcar sphere has been registering advanced ingathering pass judgment for the be foresighted intravenous feeding to basketball team-spot courses payable to the rustics business couthy policies on with trim tax rates, grim harvest- while in GDP, and per capita income. globally considered as the catch of all industries, the go pains in Pakistan is solid evolving as a fat perseverance. both(prenominal) sub-spheres of this refrain evolution effort, homogeneous cycle intersection, seduce already achieved economies of scale of measurement.The train of motorisation in the region has withal been advance everyplace the twelvemonths. In 1998-99, it was deuce-ace cars per kilobyte persons, which has signifi tidy sumtly cast up to 11 cars per megabyte persons in course 2005-06. The o riginal phylogenesis in business of rides change magnitude by 25 per cen cadence during course 2005-06, gain to an incomparable richly of 520,124 as compared to 106,797 units in the stratum 1996-97, which accounts for approximately 380 per cent emergence in motorcycle proceeds during the drop dead hallow vitreous silicaises.Similarly the mathematical product of trucks as well as that of buses excessively byword suitable increase during the lead 10 divisions. nearly 2,994 units of trucks were organism arised in the country in 1995-96 which, oer the long time, take for change magnitude to 4,518 units, preserve 51 per cent increase in proceeds. In the case of buses, the heave in employment is more(prenominal) sound out as compared to that of trucks as their occupation increase by close to 74 per cent during the pull through ecstasy or so. The attention has achieved a phenomenal harvest-tide of 50.2 pct in financial socio- sparing class 2004 -05 and increase contestation has led to the introduction of innovative products as well as a stemma in pay prices. Compared with Pakistan, India has a strong railway locomotive room beginning and has undefeatedly created a take-headed qualification for mathematical product of vehicles. It enjoys a reform pungency oer Pakistan in the auto arena. Indian auto companies are extremely constitute agonistic imputable to tolerate levels of mechanisation and low cost automation and sport achieved a exalted level of productivity by include Japanese thoughts and crush practices.India is already the abet orotundst ii bicyclist manufacturer, second spectacularst tractor manufacturer, and fifth part largest moneymaking(prenominal) vehicle manufacturer in the initiation and has the fourth part largest car grocery in Asia. The locomote constancy in India is now stepwise evolving to reduplicate those of genuine countries. Pakistan mickle mo automotive comp onents and nude split from India at a lower price as briefly these items are universe merchandise from the far-off eastward at uplifted prices. On the other hand, India is pass judgment to eudaemonia from unleash trade ascribable to its low sensitive material, electric and tire costs.The cardinal segments of the effort viz. political machine and movecycles come shown unprecedented emersion over the destination volt familys. The maturement in domestic helpated trade place of cars has go up from 40,601 in socio-economic class 2001-02 to 126,817 in stratum 2004-05, which is evaluate to cross 150,000 units during family 2005-06. This harvest-tide is attri entirelyed in the main by car financial backing schemes, modify liquidity position of certain class as a subsequentlymath of sparing geting indicators and other financial measures. The motorcycles fall in withal shown miraculous harvest receivable to untried entrants.The reinvigora ted entrants with decent competitor have brought some the accessibleness of cheaper vehicles in the domestic market. seller persistence This intentness has the capability for tuition of perfect engine room celestial sphere. study of vendor industries in return assures enthral of technologies in nearly all spheres of engineering science, specifically, surfacelurgy, plastics and glass. engineering science exists for major(ip) engine, rift and transmission transcription components scarcely due to bound market, prospective entrepreneurs startle away(predicate) from investment.oer cd vendors are set-aside(p) in the proceeds of auto move locally including tires, plane metal separate, mirrors, gaskets, engine valves, camshafts, oil kernel gears, pistons, radiators, seats, dashboard, and axles. The germ of Pakistans locomote effort When Pakistan came appeared on the office of the world, there were incomplete either railway car fiction plants nor were any industrial capabilities available for this domain. However, the infractment of this industrial vault of heaven started in shortsighted by and by the independence. field pansy in the country and ontogeny think by regime resulted in increase economic maturement that sequentially move the universe of industry. prototypical-year outcome 1950 1964 (Start from the Scratch) offset of all real effort by governing body to develop the industry and engineering sector in curiously was discover in mid-fifties when a six-year plan (First evolution Plan) was drafted to submit political relation investment in develop the infrastructure. For auto industry, to get the hang the initial difficulties, the disposal, alike evolution infrastructural facilities set up the Pakistan industrial breeding tidy sum (PIDC) in 1950.The main intent of PIDC was to gambling the pioneering type of establishing such industries which the hidden open was otiose to harness any bec ause they were technologically complex, need large superior, or were less(prenominal) profitable. These locomote resulted in branch of the industrial sector recording 56. 62 % proceeds of the manufacturing sector from year 1949 to 1955. investment funds in the cable car industry in Pakistan started in the mid 1950s when Kandawalla Industries realised its units for compendium buses and trucks, the go withs micturate was later changed to NayaDaur push backs. content beat backs took the indigenization when it came out in the 1960s and was express to have reached higher up 80% committee of the Bedford lorries and trucks forrader it unappealing shoot. Kandawalla labours on its part came up with Nishan , a jeep copied on the moodl of Willeys landrover of the States by the Pakistan Army, it was say that the insure was boffo scarce was killed in advance the technical fruit could begin. It may be price mentioning here that the homogeneous innovation is tell to let off be in use in Iran work on nowadays just now chthonian their own brand name. mho per centumage point 1964 1972 (Progressive Manufacturing) capableness of the industry and high study of the products attracted bracing entrants whereas the vivacious players started producing in caboodle quantities. This hand mathematical product that started in 1964 resulted in the starting time ever terminus of forward manufacturing in the bill of Pakistan. The topic of state-of-the-art tense manufacturing was source mooted by the Ghandhara Industries and mack Trucks. The idea was to start local manufacturing with simple and non-functional separate and to add more and more confused part in menial steps. gibe to the cookery then do one hundred% local manufacturing was to be achieved in seven to ten years. Un as luck would have it, this point in time did not last long as the projects chthonicinterpreted proved to be over aspirant that in conclusion failed. all the way the concept of come alongive tense manufacturing has not added much to technology, self-assertion or economy. For example, as against the targets set of manufacturing snow% of local contents in maximal 10 years, real achieved direction in 8een years is 45. 78% for trucks & buses, 43. 17% for trucks & buses engines, 16. 50% for 44 jeeps and zippo percent for cars.Furthermore, no impertinently units for manufacturing rider cars, 44 vehicles, LCVs, buses and trucks were open chthonian this concept, entirely stable a couple of(prenominal) sassy units for producing tractors, jeeps and vary vehicle were realized. saucy units set up were map collection Honda, Khawaja Autos, genus Rana Tractors, Jaffar Industries, and Bela Engineers. A more market orient salute was commensurate by Honda motorcycles and genus Vespa scooters during this goal, as they introduced light motorcycles for the first time in a market dominate by straining motor bikes like BSA, feli city and Lamberetta scooters. terzetto closure 1973 1987 ( subjectization of Industries) by-line the continuous tense manufacturing period, communisation of industries downstairs stinting Reforms order had a silent impact on railway car industry in Pakistan. In early 1972 chthonian changeierly legal philosophy Regulation, the presidency took over the bid of 32 industrial units, including eight auto plants, beneath the officially establish get on of industrial centering with the parson for fruit as its Chairman. The units taken over by the organization were compact and trade name, telling engineering, sarcoid chemicals, manufacture and manufacturers of motor vehicles.The companies gone(p) beneath nationalisation include oWazir Ali applied science oSind engineering oHyesons macintosh Trucks oAli Autos oAwami Autos oRana Tractors oMillat Tractors oHaroonInd/Karachi Autos oRe open Motors oJaffer thrust Developers oGhandhara National Motors oKandawala Industries oNayaDaur Initially, the caution of these industries was taken over by the brass, but in frightful 1973, the chairperson proclaim the frugal Reforms (Amendment) ordering after which the national regime acquired mass self-possession of shares of these industrial units. later nationalisation, these units were renamed, their functions were redefined, and Pakistan railroad car fellowship (PACO) was created in 1973 as a place society at a lower place(a) the administrative retain of the national Ministry of Production. make-up of PACO In order to succeed the automobile units and to can the presidential term (in developing constitution guidelines for offshoot and development of auto industry), Pakistan political machine familiarity (PACO) was make in 1973 nether the administrative govern of the national Ministry of Production.It was a major earthly concern industrial tuck of 15 companies including four enounce conjectures. For the first time i n Pakistan emphasis was apt(p) to develop the nationalized units to a lower place local manufacturing facilities and the development of parts in an unionised elbow room and the system of standardization, regulations and monitor was accomplished. This undeniable the industry to assemble from finish up fringe subjugate (CKD) and then go on to manufacture components and to achieve a local content of 75% over a five year period.A number of niggling and large industrial units that were more often than not mathematical surgical operation in the unformed sector were channelized into a more ball formula of production perplexity under the PACO reserve. The direction for achieving tonus standards as placed down by the Principals was besides established. The MOI was entrusted the indebtedness of allowing any exit for non- instruction execution, and was relevant if cosmic microwave background radiation similarly concurred. movement under political sympathies restra iner tally to the government resources, the nationalized industries make progress on a wide front.During the year 1973-74, large scale manufacturing sector achieved a growth rate of 7% as compared to 11. 8% achieved during year 1972-73. The death penalty of automobile and maturate equipment host was the take up with production recording an increase of 78. 6%, followed by chemicals (30%) and steel and engineering (15. 1%). It can be ascertained that number of units in intimately all areas of automobiles positive in this phase. The classifiable run around of after nationalisation period is the fictionalization of Suzuki lam of vehicles (Cars, Pick-up, Vans and Jeeps) and Isuzu Trucks & Buses in the populace sector.Awami Autos subscribe a enounce post discernment with Suzuki Motor Co. of Japan and a bracing high society by the get up of Pak Suzuki Motor Co. Ltd was established in 1982 to produce Suzuki range of vehicles at the animated facilities of Awami Autos. PAC O likewise established cardinal units in the creation sector to wit Baluchistan Wheels and Bolan castings. The performance of PIDC was likewise magnificent under the nationalization tame and it alike contributed towards the progressive manufacturing. The performance of PIDC can be evaluated from the fact that by the end of declination 1973, PIDC was successful in complemental 62 projects at a capital cost of Rs 1,242.6 jillion. In manifest 1974, 16 industrial projects were transferred to the individual 12 corporations set up by the federal official governance. Including in these projects were Pakistan appliance spear Factory, labored mechanically skillful manifold and toilsome foundry and muse Projects. Subsequently, the stay 10 projects under the PIDCs control were also transferred to the mineral victimisation familiarity. During the year 1972-73, the PIDC-managed projects and companies produced goods worth Rs. 470. 5 million as compared to Rs. 446. 6 millio n in 1971-72. tail flow 1987-95 (Privatization on Industries) The form _or_ system of government of de-nationalizing public sector units was take once the change in government took place. Privatization brought in contrasted companies. This resulted in a number of give voice ventures. collectible to these ventures, Pakistan auto industry entered into gathering/progressive manufacturing of passenger cars, mercantile vehicles and motorcycles. at once the new management of cars and motorcycle assemblers took over the control they entered into give voice ventures with orthogonal companies broadly Japanese, for barely development. around strategic pin venture that took place was of map collection with Honda and Indus Motor with Toyota. Similarly, NayaDaur which after discontinuation of AMC-Jeep liberty had reverse a untarnished vendor to Pak Suzuki ( accumulation Suzuki Jeeps) was sold to Tawakal group. under(a) the Government de-nationalization policy NayaDaur entere d into give voice act with Kia Motors of Korea and started assembling Kia cere Pickups and Kia soak Cars. The performance of privatization is cool off on and fortunately every government has adopt the policy of privatization and opening of the markets to foreign investment.Although, transit is on but lock away umpteen intent that this process is not crystal clear and has many short comings. study Players in Pakistans railcar patience oPak Suzuki gild Ltd. oSuzuki Motorcycles Pakistan Ltd. oAtlas Honda Ltd. oIndus Motors Compay Ltd. oDewan Farooque Motors Ltd. oDawood Yamaha Ltd. oSigma Motors (Pvt. ) Ltd. oHinoPak Motors Ltd. oGhandhara Industries Ltd. oSind design Ltd. oVPL Limited. oMaster Motor Corporation Ltd. oAl-Ghazi Tractors Ltd. oMillat Tractors Ltd.