Theories Of Personality And Leadership Assessments Essay

Introduction There are multiple theories of personality and leadership assessments that have proven effective in helping individuals achieve their full career potential. The â€Å"Big Five† theory of personality, for example, measures the five broad areas of personality, including extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience (Srivastava, 2015). Other types of assessments, such as the more simple leadership assessment we explored, simply measure leadership qualities, such as emotional intelligence and confidence. In exploring a couple of such resources in more depth, such as the leadership assessment provided by the University of Kent’s Career Enhancement Center, as well as the Myers-Briggs Personality Type Indicator, it is clear that understanding more about oneself can lead to enhanced career choices. Based on the work of Carl Jung, Isabel Myers and Katherine Briggs developed the Myers-Briggs Personality Type Indicator, a self-inventory geared toward helping individuals determine their personality types and individual areas of strength. â€Å"By helping people understand themselves, Myers and Briggs believed that they could help people select occupations that were best suited to their personality types and lead healthier, happier lives† (Cherry, 2015). This test, through helping me explore my own personality, likes and dislikes, strengths and weaknesses, and various preferences and compatibilities, has been instrumental in affirming myShow MoreRelatedLeadership Style and Personality Assessment1290 Words   |  6 PagesUnit 1 Assignment Leadership Style and Personality Assessment Anioushka G-Saint Cyril HA510 Professor Yu-Wei Yang August 4, 2015 There are many leadership styles and is important to know which style you are. There are many ways one can learn their leadership style, for example, through assessments. Knowing your leadership style will help you become a better leader. Although there are many leadership assessments our text discussed four assessments that can give insights into building blocksRead MoreStrength, Personality, and Behavioral Style Assessments Motivation1466 Words   |  6 PagesStrength, Personality, and Behavioral Style Assessments Motivation In my paper regarding Strength Finder 2.0 assessment (Rath) I came to understand how valuable various assessments are in the development of my leadership abilities. About a year ago I took the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator assessment (The Myers Briggs Foundation); I was identified as an ENTJ and ENFJ (split personality). I recently took another assessment dealing with my behavioral style (Style Analysis). The strength finderRead MorePersonal Theory Based Leadership Style1581 Words   |  7 Pages Personal theory-based leadership style: A reflective paper Introduction There are many theories of leadership. Depending on the researcher, some theories may also be subdivided based on specific characteristic. Nevertheless, regardless of the researcher’s views, for the practitioner, it is important to be cognizant of their personal style. The responsibilities of an educational leader are vast and varied. They must be able to be effective with the faculty, support staff, students, parents, communityRead MoreThe Expectations On Personality Types1319 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Expectations on Personality types – a strategic view of relationships at work 1 List your gap and why it is important to theory and practice, unaddressed, and advancing (see Grant Pollock, 2011) o GAP †¢ Previous research has not yet investigated how different personality types may have different expectations towards leaders within the workplace. Neither Expectancy theory, Leader-Member Exchange Theory or Metaperceptions have addressed which expectations followers might have towardsRead MoreMy Personal Theory Of Leadership1523 Words   |  7 PagesMy Personal Theory of Leadership As a graduate student approaching her final semester in school, thoughts regarding my leadership abilities in the soon-to-be â€Å"real world† have occupied my mind lately. To further explore and develop my ideas about leadership, I decided to develop my personal leadership theory. So, I asked myself the following questions: What makes a successful leader? How do you recognize a leader when you meet one?, and lastly, what is my theory of leadership? With this last questionRead MoreThe Leadership Journey Of Ronda Harlan1535 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction to a Leadership Journey This paper outlines the leadership journey of Ronda Harlan; an Organizational Leadership student, at Colorado State University (CSU) and how the CSU Masters of Science in Organizational Leadership (MSOL) program helped Ronda to evaluate human behavior within organizations to understand ethical practices, effective leadership, organizational communication, and cogent decision-making principles. Ronda Harlan reflects how the master’s program at CSU aligned withRead MoreStrengths And Weaknesses Of Trait Theory1266 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Trait theory was one of the first leadership theories that researchers attempted to research and study. It was an important question at the time, what traits so good leaders have. It gained relevance at this time due to researchers wanting to understand what was different about the political and military leaders during this time period. This paper will first describe the origins and approach of trait theory. Following will be a discussion on the perspective and emphasis the approachRead MoreReflection on Leadership1795 Words   |  7 Pages Leadership is defined as a process of increased social influence that exploits the efforts of others to accomplish certain goals or vision. It is derived from social influence, and not power or authority. Leaders motivate, inspire, convince, and coach others towards a certain vision. Leadership dwells on emotional intelligence that is the ability to manage oneself and one’s relationships. Emotional intelligence is achieved through social s kill, self-awareness, self-management, and social-awarenessRead MoreSelf Assessment of Leaders806 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscuss the benefits of self evaluation/self assessment as it related to leaders today. Without a complete set of knowledge understanding human behavior will be a great challenge to well conduct an organization. Organizations are composed of individuals with different traits, values, motives and perceptions. This situation makes understanding Human Behavior in the management of organization as a full activity of leaders in their day to day self assessment. Thus, it is very fundamental to implementRead MoreLeadership Development : The Entergy s Fleet Development Leadership Program1231 Words   |  5 Pages Leadership development is a way of teaching others through a social learning processes how to interact appropriately with others, create relationships, delegate and coordinate activities, create bonds with others in the organization while learning what organizational resources are available (Getha-Taylor, Fowles, Silvia, Merritt, 2015). The Entergy’s Fleet Development Leadership program is essential to the continued success of not only Entergy, but also to the fleet department. The plan will

Canada, the United States and the Cold War - 2737 Words

After the end of World War Two, the world was split into two, east and west. This marked the beginning of an era called the Cold War. The Cold War was the most subtle war in history, but the world came very close to a nuclear war that had the potential to inevitably wipe out mankind. The two main opponents in this war were the Soviet Union and the United States. With Canada being the United States neighbour to the north and close to The Soviet Union geographically, Canada allied itself with the United States. This union cause a lot of political trauma, but it brought a lot of new technology to Canada and helped strengthen our relationship with the United States. Therefore Canada did ally with the United States, but at the same time Canada†¦show more content†¦With Canada being close to the Soviets geographically, any attack made by them, whether it was a nuclear strike or an air invasion, they would have to go near or over Canadian airspace in order to attack. Therefore Cana da and the United States reached an agreement to create an organization which would control Aerospace in North America. This U.S-Canadian organization was called NORAD (The North American Aerospace Defence Command) and was founded on May 12, 1958 . This organization would detect man-made objects coming into North American airspace, such as Soviet bombers or nuclear warheads. This organization uses aircraft to protect North America from attack. While NORAD would control the skies of North America, it would also monitor the Maritime regions as well. Previous to the establishment of this organization, Canada and the United States also agreed to a long series of radar stations in the Canadian arctic. Known as the DEW line (Distant Early Warning), these radar stations would be used to detect Soviet aircraft coming into North American Airspace. In addition to this DEW Line, which stretched from Alaska to Greenland, Canada also had two more lines of radar stations called â€Å"The Mid- Canada Line†, and â€Å"The Pine Tree Line†. These radar stations were constructed during the Cold War Era to protect North America from potential Soviet invasion, though the radar lines became obsolete with the invention of Intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBM), whichShow MoreRelatedThe Cold War : The United States1172 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War was a significant time for the United States and the Soviet Union, while the rest of the world watched intently. Although no actual war took place, both of these powerful countries did their best to promote their political and ideological ideas while trying to gain some ground in the seemingly never ending arms race. This war was driven by both fear and the strive to become the strongest and most powerful country. During the time of the Cold War, the United States proved to be a strongRead MoreEssay about Brian Mulroney tied Canada closer to the United States1077 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Steven. Shi Mr. E Vanee Social Studies 11 18 July 2014 Brian Mulroney tied Canada closer to the United States On September 17th, 1984 Martin Brian Mulroney became the 18th Prime Minister of Canada (see fig1). Fig. 1. Brian Mulroney’s first year in office (1984), he led the first conservative majority government in 26 years.1 As the leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada, he developed a close relationship with U.S President Ronald Regan; both men shared a similar conservativeRead MoreThe Iranian Hostage Crisis Of 19791667 Words   |  7 Pageshostage-taking, Canada swiftly worked bilaterally to defend its realm by sheltering 6 American diplomats in the home of Canadian Ambssador Ken Taylor, and covertly aiding the C.I.A. in the hostages’ extraction . Canada’s role in the hostage crisis internationally reinforced its loyalty to the Western realm, and in particular, its strong bilateral relationship with the United States. This paper will examine Canada’s realm and the multilateral and bilateral foreign policy strategies this state employed duringRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union After World War II874 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cold War was a direct result of the feud between the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II. Due to this feud both countr ies made alliances, Canada went with the United States as well as many other countries and together formed NATO, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Following the influence and model of the United States’ social structure and capitalist economy, as well as the constant threat of nuclear warfare and communism, a new social structure was created within CanadaRead MoreArctic Ice Disputes: Another Cold War1128 Words   |  4 Pages\Fighting for a Peace The next Cold War is here. The Arctic Ice is melting, and every country is fighting for a piece. In a real life example of capture the flag, a plethora of resources in numbers never seen before wait on the top of the hill, while militaries from around the globe race to the base to be the next world power. In an attempt to retain control over the area, the eight member nations of the Arctic Council are trying to find a fair way to distribute resources. But this dispute overRead MoreNext 50 Years Essay729 Words   |  3 Pagesdecisions will affect the future generations to come. Canada will choose to give support to those in need over creating negativity within our planet. In order for canada to succeed we must maintain a peaceful and equitable view on the many conflicts that we will be involved in. The next few decades will be filled with ups and downs that will end up shaping our country to what it will be in the year 2017. Over time canada will become one of the United Nations main contributors participating in almostRead MoreCanada And The Cold War1514 Words   |  7 Pages Canada and the Cold War The Cold War is a time of managed political and military coercion and turmoil between the superpowers. It was a war that actually wasn t your common war. There were numerous military aircraft flying over the nations dropping bombs, no tanks no ground troops, no really organization of rockets, and no ground troops. Then again, there were a stockpile of atomic weapons, cash was being spent like a really war was being battled, purposeful publicity, there were two superpowerRead MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis Of 19621268 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cuban missile crisis of 1962 had put America and Canada in danger and had almost started a nuclear war. On October 15, 1962, an American spy plane took pictures of nuclear missiles being built in Cuba, these missiles were capable of hitting targets anywhere in the United States or Canada, these missiles belonged to the Soviet Union (Russia), and were too dangerous to be left alone. The missiles had been placed there after the failed mission of the Bay of Pigs, for protection. John F. KennedyRead More Post-Cold War Period Causes of Conflict Essay1706 Words   |  7 PagesPost-Cold War Period Causes of Conflict The end of the Cold War meant that the ideological conflict of dominance between East (Soviet Union and Eastern Europe) and West (USA and Western Europe) was over. Contrary to the expectations that world would be much safer in the post-Cold War, United States and Soviet Union were faced with new security issues that they did not know how to deal with. The objective of this essay is to show that with all these changes thatRead MoreThe End Of The Second World War Essay1640 Words   |  7 PagesWorld War marked the descent of old world powers such as Germany and Great Britain, and the upsurge of two superpowers, the United States of America and the Soviet Union. These two countries became fierce competitors on the international scene, which lead to increasing political and military tensions between a US-led Western Bloc and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). From 1947 until 1991, this period of tension became known as the Cold War. Immediately after the Second World War, Canada

Music Therapy and Depression Essay - 2330 Words

Introduction There are many studies that show how music therapy helps people with mood disorders. People with depression can benefit from music therapy because through music therapy they can lessen the symptoms of depression. In the studies and cases that will be mentioned we can see that music therapy is effective through methods like group therapy. It is shown that people with depression that go through music therapy are affected in a positive way. Overview of Mood Disorders Mood disorders are a class of behavioral-emotional disorders labeled by disruption in mood. Examples of this are depression or extreme elation. Some people may experience periods of depression or elation but this doesn’t mean they have a mood disorder.†¦show more content†¦This is a normal reaction to difficult situations like loss or everyday life struggles. When these feelings last for very long periods of time or become overwhelming they may keep you from living a normal life; if this happens this is when you need to seek help. If you do not seek help and depression is left untreated it may worse and last for years. Some signs of depression are difficulty concentrating, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness or hopelessness, loss of interest of activities once pleasurable and overeating or loss of appetite (Grohol, 2014). These symptoms can cause suffering and may lead to suicide. Not getting treated can be life threatening. Going through thi s you may feel disconnected from the world and feel like no one understands what you are going through or how you are feeling. It is a good idea to have supportive people around you and to get help if you think you may be depressed. Someone who is depressed needs people who are supportive and understanding. When someone is depressed what they need to do the most is to get help. As an outsider it is helpful to support and encourage the person with depression to get therapy and to try and work through the depression. Also, the person with depression needs emotional support. When people with depression try to speak to a friend a lot of the time they feel like their friend does not understand what they are going through or feeling.Show MoreRelatedMusic Therapy And Depression922 Words   |  4 Pagesthe findings to other populations. Anxiety and depression can also be relieved through music therapy and muscle relaxation training exercise; nurses can supervise patients several times through deep muscle relaxation (McGregor Antoni, 2009) and through tension relaxation exercise which can cultivate their abilities to perform the exercise by themselves (Stuart and Laraia, 2008). Music therapy refers to the clinical and evidence-based use of music interventions to accomplish mental relaxation (DeRead MoreMusic Therapy On Depression Compared With Psychotherapy1000 Words   |  4 PagesOrganization, depression affects over 300 million people worldwide. Many treatments have been created to combat this disease, which at its worst results in suicide and death. Treatments often include psychotherapy and antidepressants. Researchers have been seeking other ways that depression can be treated. One such alternate treatment is music therapy. The application of music to treat depression in various patients has been proven to be equally or more successful than psychotherapy, therefore music therapyRead MoreThe Effects Of Music Therapy On The Rate Of Depression Essay855 Words   |  4 PagesObjective: In patients with recurrent episodes of depression, does music therapy reduce the recurrence rate? P = patients with recurrent episodes of depression I = music therapy C = no music therapy O = decrease in recurrence rate of depression Search Strategy: In order to answer this question, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, MedLine, PsycInfo, PubMed, and ACU library databases were searched.   In addition, past reviews, articles and studies from government agencies in United States, UnitedRead MoreMusic Therapy Improve Depression Among Older Adults1360 Words   |  6 Pagestreat the patient s depression. The patient’s depression lead to other things, like her hopelessness and anxiety, as addressed in my nursing diagnoses. It is often helpful to look outside of medicinal practices to find ways to help our patients. I was able to find literature addressing interventions that discussed relaxation techniques to help patients with depression, more specifically music therapy. I wanted to answer the clinical question: does music therapy improve depression among older adultsRead MoreEffectiveness of Music Therapy Essay1564 Words   |  7 PagesMusic is composed of sounds intertwined with melody and rhythm that can have powerful effects on a person. It can help people focus on tasks or calm the mind. Research has shown that music has beneficial effects on the mind, body, and health of a person. A journal article by Rastogi, Solanki, and Zafar (2013) refers, on the contrary, to: ‘Controlled use of music and its influence on the human being in physiological, psychological, and emotional integration of the individual during treatment of anRead MoreJake Fuller. 05-16-2017. Hec 357. Music Therapy How It1621 Words   |  7 PagesHEC 357 Music Therapy; How it effects emotional and physical health. Purpose of Study The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects that music therapy has individual and family health. The purpose of study relates directly to benefitting the community. Research Questions How can music therapy effect an individual with a disability? How does music therapy effect an individual’s emotions? How can music therapy help with health issues? Definitions and Terms Music Therapy- Music therapy is a systematicRead MoreThe Effects Of Music And Music Therapy On Mental Health1540 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effects of Music and Music Therapy on Mental Health A Review of Studies Done â€Å"The American Music Therapy Association (AMTA) defines music therapy as ‘an established health profession in which music is used within a therapeutic relationship to address physical, emotional, cognitive, and social needs of individuals’† (Barnett Shale, 2013, p.48). Music Therapy (MT) is shown to be able to help people with many different kinds of mental health problems such as anxiety, stress, and minorRead MoreThe American Music Therapy Association1529 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"The American Music Therapy Association (AMTA) defines music therapy as ‘an established health profession in which music is used within a therapeutic relationship to address physical, emotional, cognitive, and social needs of individuals’† (Barnett Shale, 2013, p.48). Music Therapy (MT) is shown to be able to help people with many different kinds of mental health problems such as anxiety, stress, and minor cases of depression. There have been many studies done showing that MT is an effectiveRead MoreMusic Therapy : Where Does It Stand?1605 Words   |  7 PagesMusic Therapy: Where Does It Stand? When one needs psychotherapy, there are several options. Most people use one or more of these five types: body psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), existential psychotherapy, interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), or relational psychotherapy (Jefferies). These are some of the most popular forms of psychotherapy, and most patients who use them are successful in healing or reaching a manageable state. Because of their famed efficiency and reliability, manyRead MoreThe Effects Of Music Therapy On Patients With Cancer910 Words   |  4 Pagesknown complete music compositions dating from about 2nd century B.C., an Epitaph believed to have been written by Seikilos himself while still alive. The (Seikilos) Epitaph has been translated from the original Greek of that period as: â€Å"As long as you live, shine feel no grief at all Life is short Life demands its toll† (Pilich). The interesting fact about this composition is that the tempo is expressive of â€Å"religious solemnity† (Pilich). Obviously one can comprehend the fact that music contains not

The Average Cost Of Tuition - 1730 Words

The average cost of tuition is now higher than â€Å"the income of 99% of Americans† (Jasty). College education is the backbone of many different careers, and without it certain skill sets would be more inaccessible to the public, causing it to be an interference of learning. In more recent times however, quality of education isn’t the main focus for not only the student, or consumer, but attention is also focused on college football, basketball, hockey, and more. It’s worn on the jerseys of every stranger and student no matter what team or what sport, and consumes battery on phones and played on every other television in public and the privacy of homes. Meanwhile, colleges installing the latest, greatest eye catching piece of free advertising make headlines as people state and speculate over time, wondering how colleges have come to the point where tuition is extremely unaffordable for an average person to grasp, all because tuition money makes up a part of coll ege budget, and seen through evidence funding on certain expenses is rising no matter what economic situation is happening within or outside the college environment. The main factors of overspending are based on the funding of sports, amenities, and advertising to attract students to apply; however a consequence out of these actions only brings an increase in tuition. Sports have always been heavily embedded in our culture, so to no surprise it is bound to have a connection in college recreation all over the country. ToShow MoreRelatedThe Average Cost Of Tuition1684 Words   |  7 PagesThe average cost of tuition at a public four-year university has risen significantly more than inflation in the past forty years. With growing tuition rates and decreasing median household income a question arises of how new college graduates will pay their substantial student loans. While seventy percent of college students are forced to take out student loans there’s no question the majority of graduates will be paying for their education over a long period of their life. Student loan debt is alsoRead MoreIncreasing Tuition Rates Cause Students1131 Words   |  5 PagesIncreasing tuition rates cause students to borrow more money which will impact their financial future should they have difficulty obtain a job in their chosen career field. Tutition costs began their rise in 1970s but it wasn’t until the 1980s that government funding began to decline and the tuition rates began their steady climb regularly outstripping the median family income. (Ehrenberg) The average cost of tuition at a four year pubic institution increased from to $2,387 per year in 1975-1976Read MoreIs College Worth The Money?991 Words   |  4 Pagesthat driving up the cost of education is utterly unreasonable and outrageous in a society that expects young adults to earn a degree to be successful in life. College tuition is differed by the institution and type of institution that a student enrolls in. For example, tuition at a two year community college is significantly less than a four year university. In the 2012 – 2013 academic year, the average tuition at a public two year institution was about $8,928, while the tuition at a public four yearRead MoreRising College Tuition in America661 Words   |  3 PagesRising College Tuition in America â€Å"College Prices Soar Again!† â€Å"Budget Cuts Cause Even Higher Tuition!† â€Å"Higher Education Now Even Less Affordable† These are all statements that have been seen all over the media: newspapers, magazines, television, and radio. (3 SV: SV) Rising college tuition in America has been a problem for years. Many students drop out after a single year due to the pricey costs of tuition. The rapid rise can be attributed to many aspects of the economy, not just a single sourceRead MoreCollege Tuition Should Not Be Paid960 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to MyBudget360, college tuition has skyrocketed over four hundred percent since 1984. Now, the average tuition rate for private universities in America is over $31,000 and over $9,000 for public universities. Not only that, but thirty-seven million Americans have outstanding student debt and thirty-seven percent of college students look for a job requiring no higher than a high school diploma AFTER they gradua te. Tuition has tripled, graduates have outstanding student debt, and in additionRead MoreThe Cost Of College Tuition1541 Words   |  7 PagesThe cost of college tuition is increasing exponentially ever year. Students have to pay for a number of things besides the tuition for inference books, dorms, fees, tutor, etc on top of their everyday living expenses. At this rate college tuition will be far beyond the reach for the average person. The inflation raises numerous of questions. If the recession is not getting better why do schools continue to increase tuition? What can be done so that the college tuition won’t be so far out of reachRead MoreCost Of Higher Learning At College1491 Words   |  6 PagesCost of Higher Learning In order to have a better life and a better job today, a high school degree is usually not enough. Many people dream about having a college degree, but the costs of education being too high, could turn those dreams into a nightmare. It is no secret that a college education is expensive, and in the past few years, it has hit an all-time high with no signs of slowing down. The average college tuition cost in America universities and colleges continues to rise yearly. Many studentsRead MoreEstablishing Equality By Lowering The Cost Of College Tuition1615 Words   |  7 PagesEstablishing equality by lowering the cost of college tuition My research question was stimulated by â€Å"The Life of Peasants† from Life on a Medieval Barony and A Letter to my Nephew by James Baldwin. Throughout both articles equality and the idea of class systems are discussed thoroughly. James Baldwin talked about integration as meaning â€Å"we with love shall force our brothers to see themselves as they are, to cease fleeing from reality and begin the change it, for this is your home† (Baldwin). BaldwinRead MoreWhy College Tuition in America Should Be Lowered1496 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Why College Tuition Should be Lowered By Sarah Claymiller What could you do with $14,000? Well, you could buy 4,000 Whoppers with that money. You could also buy 35 IPads, and 4 80 inch flat screen TVs. Or, instead of those things, you could buy yourself one year’s worth of college tuition. Does it seem a little unusual that only one year of tuition costs that much? It might be if you live outside of America; the United States is one of the biggest spenders on secondary education compared to otherRead MoreObtaining A College Degree Is Essential For Getting A Good Job1547 Words   |  7 Pagesclear majority of Americans believing that having such an education is essential, discussion pertaining to the legitimacy of its cost is necessary. On average, public postsecondary school tuitions are rising over twice as fast as inflation, and private postsecondary school tuitions are rising over two and a half times as fast as inflation (Lorin). Even the associated costs of colleges are rising, such as room and board and collegiate texts. Accor ding to Allie Bidwell, the last decade has seen textbook

Business Strategy A Case Of Tesco Plc - Solution is Just a Click Away

Question: Do research on Tescos and then write a report to Senior Management that addresses the following issues. (You should underpin your analysis with theoretical models that you have researched on the basis of business strategy)? Answer: Introduction In the current contemporary business scenario, business strategy is one of the major decision making that helps the organization to compete in the current business scenario. Formation of business strategy needs planning , time and other resources in order to implement within the company (Analoui and Karami, 2009). Since the global retail chain companies are making frequent change in their strategies in order to gain the large market shares specifically Tesco. Business strategy is made as per the current structure and considering the future prospectus of the company. The study will focus on the business strategies of the Tesco and the problem faced by Tesco. Apart from that study will also help the give the recommendation for the existing business strategies issues faced by the Tesco (Dess and Lumpkin, 2009). Tesco is one of the largest retail chains of UK. Company stands second in the world after Wal-Mart. Company was established in the year 1919 at hackney London, UK. The founder of the company is Mr. Jack Cohen. Tesco Plc is more than 500,000 employees and has business in 12 nations. The company is selling diversified products starting from the grocery , to electronic to clothing line to sports merchandise (Tesco.com, 2015). Company has been leading revenue earner in UK as per the Forbes magazine in 2014 with 71 billion. Recently company is also come into the business of the financial services and telecoms sectors along with internet services. Company is been listed in the LSTC and FTSE within 100 best company for investment. Although company is been revenue is higher but company is facing severe low on growth because of the changing market frequent trends (Tesco plc, 2015). Apart from that , with rise in the competitors company growth rate has been decreased which lead the company to slop its position in recent times. Market share of Tesco In UK Top five global retail companies Sales (Amount, 000) Wal-Mart $256.3 Carrefour $70.5 Ahold $56.1 Tesco $46.2 Kroger $44.2 Graph 1: Top five global retailers (Source: Drummond et al. 2012, pp-125) Business Strategy of Tesco Although Tesco has high market share in UK but company faces strong challenges in order to sustain in current competitive scenario. Company is facing several issues in order to maintain its growth rate which is decreasing every year (Dobson, 2009). Some of the major issues faced by the Tesco in recent times are given below: -Too much of diversifications of business -Rising prices of raw materials that lead to increase the price of the existing products -High investment in club card - Poor financial decision making -Ethical issues Apart from the above, there have been other smaller issues that can cause bigger problem for the company in near future. Some of the smaller issues are increase in waste which is creating high carbon emission (Doyle and Stern, 2006). This leads the company to pay penalty as per environmental act 1997. Besides that, company is also facing tough to survive in the EU market because of market entry mode the company in green filed investment and most of these stores in EU are becoming sick units (Tesco.com, 2015). UK Supermarket Market Share Retail companies Market share 2014 % Market share 2013 % Tesco 26.34% 29% Asda 18% 17% Sainsbury 17.31% 16% Morrisons 12% 11% MS 8.34% 6% Graph 2: Tesco decreasing market share (Source: Hollensen, 2014, pp-34) Too much Diversification of the business: Diversifications of the business in the financial services and telecom sector is been one of the major poor business strategy in recent times. Company has invested more than 30 million in the financial services like insurance and banking system (Ander and Kapoor, 2010). as per the Dave lewis , Tesco CEO , investment in the financial services will be good in future but since the company has only been able to take 4.1% of the shares among the big insurance houses like Merril Lynch and Commonwealth insurance. Tesco deals in personal finance, retail banking, home loans, credit card and vehicles loan etc are some of the major activities of Tesco plc (Barney, 2009). Tesco bank is been wholly owned and control by the Tesco . Company is facing financial crunch that has been very part of the 2008 financial crisis. Extensive investment in the financial products like launching of the mutual funds and insurance has been one of the poor decision making of the Tesco (Tesco.com, 2015). Year Tesco bank actual growth (, million) Tesco bank Expected growth (, million) 2010 1.5 3.5 2011 2 2.2 2012 1.8 3 2013 1.3 1.6 2014 1.2 1.4 Graph 1: Tesco bank expected growth rate and actual Growth rate (Source: Hollensen, 2014, pp-228) From the above , graph , it has been found that , company expect growth and actual growth is very much difference because of company has not been able to compete in current banking sectors because of the these companies have diversified financial products whereas Tesco has lower products (Biggadike, 2010). Apart from that, company has not been able to keep the standard of their banking services as per the customer demand. Apart from that, going global is another major issues which creating problem to sustain in the current business scenarios. Since the financial market and companies are offering various type of products but the Tesco is not able to cater with the new products like derivative , forex and Swaps etc has made the banking of Tesco poor in compare to the competitors (Bingham et al. 2011). Investment in banking sector was one of the right decisions made at the time when the sector is booming in 2000. Another major diversification of the company that went one of the nightmare decisions for the company is investment made in Tesco Tech. The decision to investment in electronic business in order give the customer more diversified products made the company to lose its high profitability (Chesbrough, 2009). Company started off the electronic section selling of mobiles, tablets, televisions, iPod and music system etc which leads the company to increase its market shares with 23% but company severely fails to improve as because customers of UK are been very much particular about buying these products from the low cost and right quality which has been offered by the existing companies like KEF , ALBA , Pure and Pace are some of the major stores who has been in the apex position of selling of the electronic goods at lower price and with diversified products (Collis, 2010). After then company also added to kitchen chimney, personal computer, laptop, hair dryer and geyser etc to add more to the variety and attract the customers. This decision has made the company to more poor situations as the customer be not looking for the variety rather looking for the discounts, competitive price and coupons on the business which lead to fail the business of the company. With rise in the inflation hit during 2008 subprime crisis has made it more badly for the company (Cool and Schendel, 2010) . Since then company has sold record low LCD and LEDs in 2013 in compare to the year 2011. Since, 2012, Tesco has introduce new strategy to sell its products is EMI system in selected products because of which company has able to creates high sales during march 2012 to December 2013 but the decision was not enough to carry forward the Tesco legacy as because the most of customer could pay their EMI which made the company to end up with used TV or geysers which again made the com pany to lose its growth streak (Tesco.com, 2015). Too much diversification of the companies has made the companies to lose the high market shares which ultimately hit company profitability (Dentchev, 2009). Company investment in these two major businesses has made the company to lose their market shares. While making the feasibility study of the expansion plan or diversification plan has made the company loosen the grip of the market share. As company planning has been short sightedness which leads the company to loosen the grip of the market share (Eesley and Lenox, 2006). Apart from that, despite of being competitive advantages gained by the Tesco in terms of footfall in their stores, most of the niche retailers are being fighting back against the Tesco tech support electronic section. Some of the major issues of the regarding the failure of the most of the business of Tesco are range of product and services offering are low and price ranges also been another major cause of the problems. Besides that, too much of diversification has made the company to made the poor decision making and poor planning to launch its products in without having long term planning leads the company loose their market shares (Goksoy and Ozsoy, 2010). Moreover, company has expanded its both of diversification of the business at once which again has hit the company hard the company has to invest more than 20 million of investment in both of business. Although company has loosen the long-term sightedness but company new CEO Mr. Dave lewis , there has been several mistake was created in past that has made the company reduce its market shares and face loss of 2.8 billion but now is not the time of looking at the back rather looking to introduce some new techniques to getting rid of burden of sick units (Grant and Spender, 2009). Apart from that, to resolve the issues company will come up with new strategies like insurance on the electronic products will again boot up the company progress In banking system, company will start hedging business and broke the mould of old school of retail banking investment. Currency bank are not been limited deposit or return , it has become more wider in terms of functionality (Hall, 2011). There with advising the existing client to investment in shares, mutual funds or the in the forex as per the risk taking capacity will again make these business short run in their Pricing competition issues for Tesco: As per the Dave Lewis, rising price of the raw materials has made the company has made the company increase in its price of the products . rising price of the products has made the company to shift their gear from Tesco to the Aldi and Lidl and German against who are selling the products at lower discount rates (Hall, 2011). Price war has been one of the major problems for the Tesco in recent times. As increase in the global retail business in UK has made the giant like Tesco work on their pricing strategy. Tesco is not able to gain the cost leadership because of the rise in the pricing competition among the retail competitors (Tesco.com, 2015). Some of the products price of Tesco and its competitors in UK are given below: Products Tesco Sainsbury Aldi Tomato soup (400gm) 3 3 2.8 Organic products (400gm) (Own brand of baked beans) 1 0.9 O.5 Cheese (150gm) 3 2.5 1.75 LED TV (Sony 32 Inch) 314 310 300 Aerated drinks (Coca cola 1 liter) 1.49 1.44 1.20 (offer valid on purchase of two) From the above it has been found that, company is not been able to gain the large market shares in recent trends because of the rise in the price competition. Company is facing tough to compete with these new and small companies because their market growth is been increasing rapidly because these companies has been looking to achieve the cost leadership in the market. Figure 2: Porters generic model on the Tesco price issues (Source: Ho and Tang, 2009, pp-367) Once Tesco was on the cost leadership with broad target but current company has been cost focus as to only cater the middle and high age income group by introducing the new international brand in the market (Dick and Basu, 2007). Whereas Companies like Aldi and Lidl are some of the major companies who are looking to achieve the cost leadership in order keep attracting the customer base. Increase in price of the products to cater only fix level of income group has made the company to slow the growth of the company (Douglas and Craig, 2007). Company has introduced various other investments in introducing the club card for the discount on petrol over purchase of the 5 liter. However, company ahs recently launched freaky Friday programme where the discount and products at your price strategies of the Tesco has been formulated to gain the confidence of the customers. Apart from that, company is also offering free home delivery in order to attract the customer towards the company. Most of it company has made several changes in its pricing strategy of grocery items to gain the cost leadership strategy (Eggert and Ulaga, 2006). Company founder Mr. Jack Cohen, itself looking to reduce the operation cost of raw materials by introducing new technologies to reduce the cost of raw materials. Conclusion From the above case scenario, it has been found that, in recent times Tesco growth has been severely declines because of several issues present in the company. Out of which two of the most important issues like Too much of diversification and pricing issues has reduce the company profitability in recent times. With diversification, company has invested more than 26 million in launching banking business with only limited services has turn into nightmare for the company. Since, the company is been going through very tough phase to sustain in the banking sector so company has introduced zero balanced accounts and credit card with limit of more than 5000. Although the decision was pretty good and company has able top gain the confidence of the existing customer but company fails to attract the potential customers because today banking services are not limited to the only cash withdrawal or cash deposit it has become more than it. Besides that, company entry in electronic section was also been one of the poor decision making. Quintessentially speaking, electronics is one of the booming sector but company has not made the long run plan or feasibility plan right that made the company to lose their customer base. Apart from the above , the other major decision making by the company is poor pricing strategies in recent times. As the competition in the retail market has been grown , Tesco are suing cost focus to creates niche market which is very much short sightedness for the company. In near future , company will face strong competition among the Aldi and Lidl which will creates huge problem for the company in near future. In order to mitigate the both of the losses , Mr.Dave has come up with new set of ideas and solution like to introducing financial products and reducing the operation cost to reduce the price of the products. Recommendations Some of the major recommendation for the Tesco are given below : Introducing of new financial products: With help of new financial products like mutual funds, Derivative instruments futures, forwards, options and Swaps along with that corporate bonds and treasury bonds will help the Tesco banking business to reach in the apex positions. With a variety of products like mutual fund will give the customers enough scope to save their taxes which will again bring the confidence of the customer base. With new hedging products company will have enough scope to add the capital market instrument like wealth management and private equity which will lead the company to gain the large customer base. With the new set of products company may attract the existing and potential customer to keep up with Tesco financial solutions. Closing the sick units: Apart from that, recently as per the BBC 1 news, Mr. Dave is looking to close its sick units which are very bold move by the company. With closing down sick units in the Ireland and Scotland will help the company to reduce the burden of looses. The loss make firm like Tesco Tech support must be come up with new ideas and new innovation areas to sell their products rather than only focusing on the giving offers. More than 56 sick units in UK and Europe are being creating looses for the company. In order to close the sick units and save from long pain will help the company to reduce its unnecessary costing. E-Logistics and E-procurement: With the help of new technology E-logistics helps the comp may to reduce the cost of the raw materials which will again help the company in the long run. Apart from that, E-procurement will give the company enough scope to reduce the cost of operation which will helpful in near future. Both of the technology will help the company to reduce its price of the products and maintains its position in UK market. Promoting the local farm products: With the help of locally made fresh products will give th Tesco to cater the all income group and help to achieve the cost leadership strategies in the UK. Local farm products will give the company to create value piercing strategies which will boost the confidence of the customers which shift their gear from the small retail companies like Aldi and Lidl (Grant and Spender, 2009). Local farm products give the company to reduce the costing of its own set of brands in compare top other brand which will boost the sales of the company in near future. Introducing the insurance policy on electronic products: By introducing the electronic products like mobile, washing, machine of kitchen chimney with free insurance facility will boost up the sale of the company. Insurance packages are one of the best techniques to attract the customer but the Tesco tech support products. Free insurance and after sales services will helps to boost the sales of the company in near future. After conducting survey by the London chamber of Commerce in 2013 , around 39.075 of the customers are very much buying the electronic products along with insurance (Hall, 2011). This gives the company to sell its products in large market base which gives the companies to outperform the electronic stores in UK like Argos and ALBA to run for their money with this business strategy. Reference List Books Analoui, F. and Karami, A. (2009) Strategic management in small and medium enterprises - Page 74, London: Thomson learning Dess, G. and Lumpkin, G. (2009) Strategic Management: Creating Competitive Advantages. 6th ed. London: McGraw-Hill Education. Dobson, P. (2009) Strategic Management: Issues and Cases. 6th ed. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley Sons Inc. Doyle, P., and Stern, P., (2006). Marketing Management and Strategy, 7th ed. Hoboken N.J: Wiley. Drummond, G., Ensor, J. and Ashford, R. (2012) Strategic Marketing: Planning and Control, 4th ed. London: Palgrave Macmillan Henry, A. (2008) Understanding Strategic Management - Page 51, 5th ed. New Delhi: Global Indian Publications Ltd. Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D. and Hoskisson, R. E. (2009) Strategic Management: Competitiveness and Globalization, 5th ed. London: Prentice Hall Hollensen, S. (2011) Global Marketing: A Decision-Oriented Approach, 6th ed. London: FT Prentice Hall. Journals Ander, R. and Kapoor, R. (2010) "Value Creation in Innovation Ecosystems: How the structure of technological interdependence affects firm performance in new technology generation," Strategic management Journal, 31, pp. 306-333 Barney, J. B. (2009) 'Strategic factor markets: Expectations, luck, and business strategy', Management Science 32( 1 ) , pp. 1231-1241 Biggadike, E. R. (2010) "The contributions of marketing to strategic management," Academy of Management Review, 6, 621-632 Bingham, C. B. and Eisenhardt, K. M. (2011) Rational heuristics: the simple rules that strategists learn from process experience, Strategic Management Journal, 32, pp. 14371464. Chesbrough, H. W. (2009) Business model innovation: Its not just about technology anymore. Strategy and Leadership, 35: 12-17. Collis, D. J. (2010) "A resource-based analysis of global competition: The case of the bearings industry." Strategic Management Journal, 12, 49-68. Cool, K. and Schendel, D. (2010) 'Performance differences among strategic group members', Strategic Management Journal, 9(3) , pp. 207-223. Dentchev, N. (2009) Corporate Social Performance as a Business Strategy, Journal of Business Ethics, 55(4), pg. 397 412, Dick, A. S. and Basu, K. (2007) Customer loyalty: Toward an integrated conceptual framework. Journal of Academy of Marketing Science, 22, 99113. Douglas, S. P. and Craig, C. S. (2007) "Evolution of global marketing strategy: scale, scope and synergy," Columbia Journal of World Business, 24(3), pp. 47-59. Eesley, C. and Lenox, M. J. (2006) Firm responses to secondary stakeholder action, Strategic Management Journal, 27(8), 765781 Eggert, A. and Ulaga, W. (2006) Customer-perceived value: a substitute for satisfaction in business markets?, Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, 17(2/3), pp. 107-125. Goksoy, A. and Ozsoy, B. (2010) Business Process Reengineering: Strategic Tool for Managing Organizational Change an Application in a Multinational Company, International Journal of Business and Management, 22: 256-264. Grant, R. and Spender, J. (2009) Toward a knowledge-based theory of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 17, pp. 109 - 122. Hall, R. (2011) "The strategic analysis of intangible resources" Strategic Management Journal, 13, 135-144 Ho, T.H. and Tang, C.S. (2009) Introduction to the special issue on marketing and operations management interfaces and coordination. Production and Operations Management 18 (4), 363364 Websites Tesco plc, (2015). Tesco plc. 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Health Care Administration Leadership

Question: Discuss the current events in health care administration leadership and the fiedler contingency theory. Answer: A month ago, the AAR Healthcare held a health camp in town. This activity involved four practitioners. AAR had made arrangements with one of the churches to offer their field as the venue for the free medical camp. While some cases were charged depending on the intensity of the test, most of the health tests done were free of charge I would employ the Fielders Contingency Model that recommends that leaders assess individuals they did not like working with recently or in the past on a scale of 1to 8 by considering colleagues who are unfriendly versus friendly, uncooperative versus cooperative, and guarded versus open. This test is not about how bad the least preferred colleague was difficult to work with but based on the leader's behavior towards that particular colleague (Jasper Jumaa, 2005). Fiedler's contingency theory states that effective leadership depends not only on the style but also on control over a situation. During the health camp, the leader was amazingly interactive. Every worker seemed significantly cooperative; chances are, she was a great team player. Fielder recommends that a good leader should lead by example an effective leader doesnt give directions on what should be done and how it should be done; they are the first to do what they know should be done. The head of the team during the health camp utilized this recommendation as we found him performing the tests on the various patients. The relationship demonstrated was task-oriented because the leader did not consider her position but got into the system and worked together with her subordinates with ease (Williams, 2005). This way the team lead eliminated any possibility of having personal issues with one of her subordinates affect the way she operated during the medical camp. References Jasper, M. Jumaa, M. (2005). Effective healthcare leadership. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Pub. Williams, M. (2005). Leadership for leaders. London: Thorogood.