Music Therapy and Depression Essay - 2330 Words

Introduction There are many studies that show how music therapy helps people with mood disorders. People with depression can benefit from music therapy because through music therapy they can lessen the symptoms of depression. In the studies and cases that will be mentioned we can see that music therapy is effective through methods like group therapy. It is shown that people with depression that go through music therapy are affected in a positive way. Overview of Mood Disorders Mood disorders are a class of behavioral-emotional disorders labeled by disruption in mood. Examples of this are depression or extreme elation. Some people may experience periods of depression or elation but this doesn’t mean they have a mood disorder.†¦show more content†¦This is a normal reaction to difficult situations like loss or everyday life struggles. When these feelings last for very long periods of time or become overwhelming they may keep you from living a normal life; if this happens this is when you need to seek help. If you do not seek help and depression is left untreated it may worse and last for years. Some signs of depression are difficulty concentrating, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness or hopelessness, loss of interest of activities once pleasurable and overeating or loss of appetite (Grohol, 2014). These symptoms can cause suffering and may lead to suicide. Not getting treated can be life threatening. Going through thi s you may feel disconnected from the world and feel like no one understands what you are going through or how you are feeling. It is a good idea to have supportive people around you and to get help if you think you may be depressed. Someone who is depressed needs people who are supportive and understanding. When someone is depressed what they need to do the most is to get help. As an outsider it is helpful to support and encourage the person with depression to get therapy and to try and work through the depression. Also, the person with depression needs emotional support. When people with depression try to speak to a friend a lot of the time they feel like their friend does not understand what they are going through or feeling.Show MoreRelatedMusic Therapy And Depression922 Words   |  4 Pagesthe findings to other populations. Anxiety and depression can also be relieved through music therapy and muscle relaxation training exercise; nurses can supervise patients several times through deep muscle relaxation (McGregor Antoni, 2009) and through tension relaxation exercise which can cultivate their abilities to perform the exercise by themselves (Stuart and Laraia, 2008). Music therapy refers to the clinical and evidence-based use of music interventions to accomplish mental relaxation (DeRead MoreMusic Therapy On Depression Compared With Psychotherapy1000 Words   |  4 PagesOrganization, depression affects over 300 million people worldwide. Many treatments have been created to combat this disease, which at its worst results in suicide and death. Treatments often include psychotherapy and antidepressants. Researchers have been seeking other ways that depression can be treated. One such alternate treatment is music therapy. The application of music to treat depression in various patients has been proven to be equally or more successful than psychotherapy, therefore music therapyRead MoreThe Effects Of Music Therapy On The Rate Of Depression Essay855 Words   |  4 PagesObjective: In patients with recurrent episodes of depression, does music therapy reduce the recurrence rate? P = patients with recurrent episodes of depression I = music therapy C = no music therapy O = decrease in recurrence rate of depression Search Strategy: In order to answer this question, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, MedLine, PsycInfo, PubMed, and ACU library databases were searched.   In addition, past reviews, articles and studies from government agencies in United States, UnitedRead MoreMusic Therapy Improve Depression Among Older Adults1360 Words   |  6 Pagestreat the patient s depression. The patient’s depression lead to other things, like her hopelessness and anxiety, as addressed in my nursing diagnoses. It is often helpful to look outside of medicinal practices to find ways to help our patients. I was able to find literature addressing interventions that discussed relaxation techniques to help patients with depression, more specifically music therapy. I wanted to answer the clinical question: does music therapy improve depression among older adultsRead MoreEffectiveness of Music Therapy Essay1564 Words   |  7 PagesMusic is composed of sounds intertwined with melody and rhythm that can have powerful effects on a person. It can help people focus on tasks or calm the mind. Research has shown that music has beneficial effects on the mind, body, and health of a person. A journal article by Rastogi, Solanki, and Zafar (2013) refers, on the contrary, to: ‘Controlled use of music and its influence on the human being in physiological, psychological, and emotional integration of the individual during treatment of anRead MoreJake Fuller. 05-16-2017. Hec 357. Music Therapy How It1621 Words   |  7 PagesHEC 357 Music Therapy; How it effects emotional and physical health. Purpose of Study The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects that music therapy has individual and family health. The purpose of study relates directly to benefitting the community. Research Questions How can music therapy effect an individual with a disability? How does music therapy effect an individual’s emotions? How can music therapy help with health issues? Definitions and Terms Music Therapy- Music therapy is a systematicRead MoreThe Effects Of Music And Music Therapy On Mental Health1540 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effects of Music and Music Therapy on Mental Health A Review of Studies Done â€Å"The American Music Therapy Association (AMTA) defines music therapy as ‘an established health profession in which music is used within a therapeutic relationship to address physical, emotional, cognitive, and social needs of individuals’† (Barnett Shale, 2013, p.48). Music Therapy (MT) is shown to be able to help people with many different kinds of mental health problems such as anxiety, stress, and minorRead MoreThe American Music Therapy Association1529 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"The American Music Therapy Association (AMTA) defines music therapy as ‘an established health profession in which music is used within a therapeutic relationship to address physical, emotional, cognitive, and social needs of individuals’† (Barnett Shale, 2013, p.48). Music Therapy (MT) is shown to be able to help people with many different kinds of mental health problems such as anxiety, stress, and minor cases of depression. There have been many studies done showing that MT is an effectiveRead MoreMusic Therapy : Where Does It Stand?1605 Words   |  7 PagesMusic Therapy: Where Does It Stand? When one needs psychotherapy, there are several options. Most people use one or more of these five types: body psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), existential psychotherapy, interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), or relational psychotherapy (Jefferies). These are some of the most popular forms of psychotherapy, and most patients who use them are successful in healing or reaching a manageable state. Because of their famed efficiency and reliability, manyRead MoreThe Effects Of Music Therapy On Patients With Cancer910 Words   |  4 Pagesknown complete music compositions dating from about 2nd century B.C., an Epitaph believed to have been written by Seikilos himself while still alive. The (Seikilos) Epitaph has been translated from the original Greek of that period as: â€Å"As long as you live, shine feel no grief at all Life is short Life demands its toll† (Pilich). The interesting fact about this composition is that the tempo is expressive of â€Å"religious solemnity† (Pilich). Obviously one can comprehend the fact that music contains not

The Average Cost Of Tuition - 1730 Words

The average cost of tuition is now higher than â€Å"the income of 99% of Americans† (Jasty). College education is the backbone of many different careers, and without it certain skill sets would be more inaccessible to the public, causing it to be an interference of learning. In more recent times however, quality of education isn’t the main focus for not only the student, or consumer, but attention is also focused on college football, basketball, hockey, and more. It’s worn on the jerseys of every stranger and student no matter what team or what sport, and consumes battery on phones and played on every other television in public and the privacy of homes. Meanwhile, colleges installing the latest, greatest eye catching piece of free advertising make headlines as people state and speculate over time, wondering how colleges have come to the point where tuition is extremely unaffordable for an average person to grasp, all because tuition money makes up a part of coll ege budget, and seen through evidence funding on certain expenses is rising no matter what economic situation is happening within or outside the college environment. The main factors of overspending are based on the funding of sports, amenities, and advertising to attract students to apply; however a consequence out of these actions only brings an increase in tuition. Sports have always been heavily embedded in our culture, so to no surprise it is bound to have a connection in college recreation all over the country. ToShow MoreRelatedThe Average Cost Of Tuition1684 Words   |  7 PagesThe average cost of tuition at a public four-year university has risen significantly more than inflation in the past forty years. With growing tuition rates and decreasing median household income a question arises of how new college graduates will pay their substantial student loans. While seventy percent of college students are forced to take out student loans there’s no question the majority of graduates will be paying for their education over a long period of their life. Student loan debt is alsoRead MoreIncreasing Tuition Rates Cause Students1131 Words   |  5 PagesIncreasing tuition rates cause students to borrow more money which will impact their financial future should they have difficulty obtain a job in their chosen career field. Tutition costs began their rise in 1970s but it wasn’t until the 1980s that government funding began to decline and the tuition rates began their steady climb regularly outstripping the median family income. (Ehrenberg) The average cost of tuition at a four year pubic institution increased from to $2,387 per year in 1975-1976Read MoreIs College Worth The Money?991 Words   |  4 Pagesthat driving up the cost of education is utterly unreasonable and outrageous in a society that expects young adults to earn a degree to be successful in life. College tuition is differed by the institution and type of institution that a student enrolls in. For example, tuition at a two year community college is significantly less than a four year university. In the 2012 – 2013 academic year, the average tuition at a public two year institution was about $8,928, while the tuition at a public four yearRead MoreRising College Tuition in America661 Words   |  3 PagesRising College Tuition in America â€Å"College Prices Soar Again!† â€Å"Budget Cuts Cause Even Higher Tuition!† â€Å"Higher Education Now Even Less Affordable† These are all statements that have been seen all over the media: newspapers, magazines, television, and radio. (3 SV: SV) Rising college tuition in America has been a problem for years. Many students drop out after a single year due to the pricey costs of tuition. The rapid rise can be attributed to many aspects of the economy, not just a single sourceRead MoreCollege Tuition Should Not Be Paid960 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to MyBudget360, college tuition has skyrocketed over four hundred percent since 1984. Now, the average tuition rate for private universities in America is over $31,000 and over $9,000 for public universities. Not only that, but thirty-seven million Americans have outstanding student debt and thirty-seven percent of college students look for a job requiring no higher than a high school diploma AFTER they gradua te. Tuition has tripled, graduates have outstanding student debt, and in additionRead MoreThe Cost Of College Tuition1541 Words   |  7 PagesThe cost of college tuition is increasing exponentially ever year. Students have to pay for a number of things besides the tuition for inference books, dorms, fees, tutor, etc on top of their everyday living expenses. At this rate college tuition will be far beyond the reach for the average person. The inflation raises numerous of questions. If the recession is not getting better why do schools continue to increase tuition? What can be done so that the college tuition won’t be so far out of reachRead MoreCost Of Higher Learning At College1491 Words   |  6 PagesCost of Higher Learning In order to have a better life and a better job today, a high school degree is usually not enough. Many people dream about having a college degree, but the costs of education being too high, could turn those dreams into a nightmare. It is no secret that a college education is expensive, and in the past few years, it has hit an all-time high with no signs of slowing down. The average college tuition cost in America universities and colleges continues to rise yearly. Many studentsRead MoreEstablishing Equality By Lowering The Cost Of College Tuition1615 Words   |  7 PagesEstablishing equality by lowering the cost of college tuition My research question was stimulated by â€Å"The Life of Peasants† from Life on a Medieval Barony and A Letter to my Nephew by James Baldwin. Throughout both articles equality and the idea of class systems are discussed thoroughly. James Baldwin talked about integration as meaning â€Å"we with love shall force our brothers to see themselves as they are, to cease fleeing from reality and begin the change it, for this is your home† (Baldwin). BaldwinRead MoreWhy College Tuition in America Should Be Lowered1496 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Why College Tuition Should be Lowered By Sarah Claymiller What could you do with $14,000? Well, you could buy 4,000 Whoppers with that money. You could also buy 35 IPads, and 4 80 inch flat screen TVs. Or, instead of those things, you could buy yourself one year’s worth of college tuition. Does it seem a little unusual that only one year of tuition costs that much? It might be if you live outside of America; the United States is one of the biggest spenders on secondary education compared to otherRead MoreObtaining A College Degree Is Essential For Getting A Good Job1547 Words   |  7 Pagesclear majority of Americans believing that having such an education is essential, discussion pertaining to the legitimacy of its cost is necessary. On average, public postsecondary school tuitions are rising over twice as fast as inflation, and private postsecondary school tuitions are rising over two and a half times as fast as inflation (Lorin). Even the associated costs of colleges are rising, such as room and board and collegiate texts. Accor ding to Allie Bidwell, the last decade has seen textbook

Business Strategy A Case Of Tesco Plc - Solution is Just a Click Away

Question: Do research on Tescos and then write a report to Senior Management that addresses the following issues. (You should underpin your analysis with theoretical models that you have researched on the basis of business strategy)? Answer: Introduction In the current contemporary business scenario, business strategy is one of the major decision making that helps the organization to compete in the current business scenario. Formation of business strategy needs planning , time and other resources in order to implement within the company (Analoui and Karami, 2009). Since the global retail chain companies are making frequent change in their strategies in order to gain the large market shares specifically Tesco. Business strategy is made as per the current structure and considering the future prospectus of the company. The study will focus on the business strategies of the Tesco and the problem faced by Tesco. Apart from that study will also help the give the recommendation for the existing business strategies issues faced by the Tesco (Dess and Lumpkin, 2009). Tesco is one of the largest retail chains of UK. Company stands second in the world after Wal-Mart. Company was established in the year 1919 at hackney London, UK. The founder of the company is Mr. Jack Cohen. Tesco Plc is more than 500,000 employees and has business in 12 nations. The company is selling diversified products starting from the grocery , to electronic to clothing line to sports merchandise (Tesco.com, 2015). Company has been leading revenue earner in UK as per the Forbes magazine in 2014 with 71 billion. Recently company is also come into the business of the financial services and telecoms sectors along with internet services. Company is been listed in the LSTC and FTSE within 100 best company for investment. Although company is been revenue is higher but company is facing severe low on growth because of the changing market frequent trends (Tesco plc, 2015). Apart from that , with rise in the competitors company growth rate has been decreased which lead the company to slop its position in recent times. Market share of Tesco In UK Top five global retail companies Sales (Amount, 000) Wal-Mart $256.3 Carrefour $70.5 Ahold $56.1 Tesco $46.2 Kroger $44.2 Graph 1: Top five global retailers (Source: Drummond et al. 2012, pp-125) Business Strategy of Tesco Although Tesco has high market share in UK but company faces strong challenges in order to sustain in current competitive scenario. Company is facing several issues in order to maintain its growth rate which is decreasing every year (Dobson, 2009). Some of the major issues faced by the Tesco in recent times are given below: -Too much of diversifications of business -Rising prices of raw materials that lead to increase the price of the existing products -High investment in club card - Poor financial decision making -Ethical issues Apart from the above, there have been other smaller issues that can cause bigger problem for the company in near future. Some of the smaller issues are increase in waste which is creating high carbon emission (Doyle and Stern, 2006). This leads the company to pay penalty as per environmental act 1997. Besides that, company is also facing tough to survive in the EU market because of market entry mode the company in green filed investment and most of these stores in EU are becoming sick units (Tesco.com, 2015). UK Supermarket Market Share Retail companies Market share 2014 % Market share 2013 % Tesco 26.34% 29% Asda 18% 17% Sainsbury 17.31% 16% Morrisons 12% 11% MS 8.34% 6% Graph 2: Tesco decreasing market share (Source: Hollensen, 2014, pp-34) Too much Diversification of the business: Diversifications of the business in the financial services and telecom sector is been one of the major poor business strategy in recent times. Company has invested more than 30 million in the financial services like insurance and banking system (Ander and Kapoor, 2010). as per the Dave lewis , Tesco CEO , investment in the financial services will be good in future but since the company has only been able to take 4.1% of the shares among the big insurance houses like Merril Lynch and Commonwealth insurance. Tesco deals in personal finance, retail banking, home loans, credit card and vehicles loan etc are some of the major activities of Tesco plc (Barney, 2009). Tesco bank is been wholly owned and control by the Tesco . Company is facing financial crunch that has been very part of the 2008 financial crisis. Extensive investment in the financial products like launching of the mutual funds and insurance has been one of the poor decision making of the Tesco (Tesco.com, 2015). Year Tesco bank actual growth (, million) Tesco bank Expected growth (, million) 2010 1.5 3.5 2011 2 2.2 2012 1.8 3 2013 1.3 1.6 2014 1.2 1.4 Graph 1: Tesco bank expected growth rate and actual Growth rate (Source: Hollensen, 2014, pp-228) From the above , graph , it has been found that , company expect growth and actual growth is very much difference because of company has not been able to compete in current banking sectors because of the these companies have diversified financial products whereas Tesco has lower products (Biggadike, 2010). Apart from that, company has not been able to keep the standard of their banking services as per the customer demand. Apart from that, going global is another major issues which creating problem to sustain in the current business scenarios. Since the financial market and companies are offering various type of products but the Tesco is not able to cater with the new products like derivative , forex and Swaps etc has made the banking of Tesco poor in compare to the competitors (Bingham et al. 2011). Investment in banking sector was one of the right decisions made at the time when the sector is booming in 2000. Another major diversification of the company that went one of the nightmare decisions for the company is investment made in Tesco Tech. The decision to investment in electronic business in order give the customer more diversified products made the company to lose its high profitability (Chesbrough, 2009). Company started off the electronic section selling of mobiles, tablets, televisions, iPod and music system etc which leads the company to increase its market shares with 23% but company severely fails to improve as because customers of UK are been very much particular about buying these products from the low cost and right quality which has been offered by the existing companies like KEF , ALBA , Pure and Pace are some of the major stores who has been in the apex position of selling of the electronic goods at lower price and with diversified products (Collis, 2010). After then company also added to kitchen chimney, personal computer, laptop, hair dryer and geyser etc to add more to the variety and attract the customers. This decision has made the company to more poor situations as the customer be not looking for the variety rather looking for the discounts, competitive price and coupons on the business which lead to fail the business of the company. With rise in the inflation hit during 2008 subprime crisis has made it more badly for the company (Cool and Schendel, 2010) . Since then company has sold record low LCD and LEDs in 2013 in compare to the year 2011. Since, 2012, Tesco has introduce new strategy to sell its products is EMI system in selected products because of which company has able to creates high sales during march 2012 to December 2013 but the decision was not enough to carry forward the Tesco legacy as because the most of customer could pay their EMI which made the company to end up with used TV or geysers which again made the com pany to lose its growth streak (Tesco.com, 2015). Too much diversification of the companies has made the companies to lose the high market shares which ultimately hit company profitability (Dentchev, 2009). Company investment in these two major businesses has made the company to lose their market shares. While making the feasibility study of the expansion plan or diversification plan has made the company loosen the grip of the market share. As company planning has been short sightedness which leads the company to loosen the grip of the market share (Eesley and Lenox, 2006). Apart from that, despite of being competitive advantages gained by the Tesco in terms of footfall in their stores, most of the niche retailers are being fighting back against the Tesco tech support electronic section. Some of the major issues of the regarding the failure of the most of the business of Tesco are range of product and services offering are low and price ranges also been another major cause of the problems. Besides that, too much of diversification has made the company to made the poor decision making and poor planning to launch its products in without having long term planning leads the company loose their market shares (Goksoy and Ozsoy, 2010). Moreover, company has expanded its both of diversification of the business at once which again has hit the company hard the company has to invest more than 20 million of investment in both of business. Although company has loosen the long-term sightedness but company new CEO Mr. Dave lewis , there has been several mistake was created in past that has made the company reduce its market shares and face loss of 2.8 billion but now is not the time of looking at the back rather looking to introduce some new techniques to getting rid of burden of sick units (Grant and Spender, 2009). Apart from that, to resolve the issues company will come up with new strategies like insurance on the electronic products will again boot up the company progress In banking system, company will start hedging business and broke the mould of old school of retail banking investment. Currency bank are not been limited deposit or return , it has become more wider in terms of functionality (Hall, 2011). There with advising the existing client to investment in shares, mutual funds or the in the forex as per the risk taking capacity will again make these business short run in their Pricing competition issues for Tesco: As per the Dave Lewis, rising price of the raw materials has made the company has made the company increase in its price of the products . rising price of the products has made the company to shift their gear from Tesco to the Aldi and Lidl and German against who are selling the products at lower discount rates (Hall, 2011). Price war has been one of the major problems for the Tesco in recent times. As increase in the global retail business in UK has made the giant like Tesco work on their pricing strategy. Tesco is not able to gain the cost leadership because of the rise in the pricing competition among the retail competitors (Tesco.com, 2015). Some of the products price of Tesco and its competitors in UK are given below: Products Tesco Sainsbury Aldi Tomato soup (400gm) 3 3 2.8 Organic products (400gm) (Own brand of baked beans) 1 0.9 O.5 Cheese (150gm) 3 2.5 1.75 LED TV (Sony 32 Inch) 314 310 300 Aerated drinks (Coca cola 1 liter) 1.49 1.44 1.20 (offer valid on purchase of two) From the above it has been found that, company is not been able to gain the large market shares in recent trends because of the rise in the price competition. Company is facing tough to compete with these new and small companies because their market growth is been increasing rapidly because these companies has been looking to achieve the cost leadership in the market. Figure 2: Porters generic model on the Tesco price issues (Source: Ho and Tang, 2009, pp-367) Once Tesco was on the cost leadership with broad target but current company has been cost focus as to only cater the middle and high age income group by introducing the new international brand in the market (Dick and Basu, 2007). Whereas Companies like Aldi and Lidl are some of the major companies who are looking to achieve the cost leadership in order keep attracting the customer base. Increase in price of the products to cater only fix level of income group has made the company to slow the growth of the company (Douglas and Craig, 2007). Company has introduced various other investments in introducing the club card for the discount on petrol over purchase of the 5 liter. However, company ahs recently launched freaky Friday programme where the discount and products at your price strategies of the Tesco has been formulated to gain the confidence of the customers. Apart from that, company is also offering free home delivery in order to attract the customer towards the company. Most of it company has made several changes in its pricing strategy of grocery items to gain the cost leadership strategy (Eggert and Ulaga, 2006). Company founder Mr. Jack Cohen, itself looking to reduce the operation cost of raw materials by introducing new technologies to reduce the cost of raw materials. Conclusion From the above case scenario, it has been found that, in recent times Tesco growth has been severely declines because of several issues present in the company. Out of which two of the most important issues like Too much of diversification and pricing issues has reduce the company profitability in recent times. With diversification, company has invested more than 26 million in launching banking business with only limited services has turn into nightmare for the company. Since, the company is been going through very tough phase to sustain in the banking sector so company has introduced zero balanced accounts and credit card with limit of more than 5000. Although the decision was pretty good and company has able top gain the confidence of the existing customer but company fails to attract the potential customers because today banking services are not limited to the only cash withdrawal or cash deposit it has become more than it. Besides that, company entry in electronic section was also been one of the poor decision making. Quintessentially speaking, electronics is one of the booming sector but company has not made the long run plan or feasibility plan right that made the company to lose their customer base. Apart from the above , the other major decision making by the company is poor pricing strategies in recent times. As the competition in the retail market has been grown , Tesco are suing cost focus to creates niche market which is very much short sightedness for the company. In near future , company will face strong competition among the Aldi and Lidl which will creates huge problem for the company in near future. In order to mitigate the both of the losses , Mr.Dave has come up with new set of ideas and solution like to introducing financial products and reducing the operation cost to reduce the price of the products. Recommendations Some of the major recommendation for the Tesco are given below : Introducing of new financial products: With help of new financial products like mutual funds, Derivative instruments futures, forwards, options and Swaps along with that corporate bonds and treasury bonds will help the Tesco banking business to reach in the apex positions. With a variety of products like mutual fund will give the customers enough scope to save their taxes which will again bring the confidence of the customer base. With new hedging products company will have enough scope to add the capital market instrument like wealth management and private equity which will lead the company to gain the large customer base. With the new set of products company may attract the existing and potential customer to keep up with Tesco financial solutions. Closing the sick units: Apart from that, recently as per the BBC 1 news, Mr. Dave is looking to close its sick units which are very bold move by the company. With closing down sick units in the Ireland and Scotland will help the company to reduce the burden of looses. The loss make firm like Tesco Tech support must be come up with new ideas and new innovation areas to sell their products rather than only focusing on the giving offers. More than 56 sick units in UK and Europe are being creating looses for the company. In order to close the sick units and save from long pain will help the company to reduce its unnecessary costing. E-Logistics and E-procurement: With the help of new technology E-logistics helps the comp may to reduce the cost of the raw materials which will again help the company in the long run. Apart from that, E-procurement will give the company enough scope to reduce the cost of operation which will helpful in near future. Both of the technology will help the company to reduce its price of the products and maintains its position in UK market. Promoting the local farm products: With the help of locally made fresh products will give th Tesco to cater the all income group and help to achieve the cost leadership strategies in the UK. Local farm products will give the company to create value piercing strategies which will boost the confidence of the customers which shift their gear from the small retail companies like Aldi and Lidl (Grant and Spender, 2009). Local farm products give the company to reduce the costing of its own set of brands in compare top other brand which will boost the sales of the company in near future. Introducing the insurance policy on electronic products: By introducing the electronic products like mobile, washing, machine of kitchen chimney with free insurance facility will boost up the sale of the company. Insurance packages are one of the best techniques to attract the customer but the Tesco tech support products. Free insurance and after sales services will helps to boost the sales of the company in near future. After conducting survey by the London chamber of Commerce in 2013 , around 39.075 of the customers are very much buying the electronic products along with insurance (Hall, 2011). This gives the company to sell its products in large market base which gives the companies to outperform the electronic stores in UK like Argos and ALBA to run for their money with this business strategy. Reference List Books Analoui, F. and Karami, A. (2009) Strategic management in small and medium enterprises - Page 74, London: Thomson learning Dess, G. and Lumpkin, G. (2009) Strategic Management: Creating Competitive Advantages. 6th ed. London: McGraw-Hill Education. Dobson, P. (2009) Strategic Management: Issues and Cases. 6th ed. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley Sons Inc. Doyle, P., and Stern, P., (2006). Marketing Management and Strategy, 7th ed. Hoboken N.J: Wiley. Drummond, G., Ensor, J. and Ashford, R. (2012) Strategic Marketing: Planning and Control, 4th ed. London: Palgrave Macmillan Henry, A. (2008) Understanding Strategic Management - Page 51, 5th ed. New Delhi: Global Indian Publications Ltd. Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D. and Hoskisson, R. E. (2009) Strategic Management: Competitiveness and Globalization, 5th ed. London: Prentice Hall Hollensen, S. (2011) Global Marketing: A Decision-Oriented Approach, 6th ed. London: FT Prentice Hall. Journals Ander, R. and Kapoor, R. (2010) "Value Creation in Innovation Ecosystems: How the structure of technological interdependence affects firm performance in new technology generation," Strategic management Journal, 31, pp. 306-333 Barney, J. B. (2009) 'Strategic factor markets: Expectations, luck, and business strategy', Management Science 32( 1 ) , pp. 1231-1241 Biggadike, E. R. (2010) "The contributions of marketing to strategic management," Academy of Management Review, 6, 621-632 Bingham, C. B. and Eisenhardt, K. M. (2011) Rational heuristics: the simple rules that strategists learn from process experience, Strategic Management Journal, 32, pp. 14371464. Chesbrough, H. W. (2009) Business model innovation: Its not just about technology anymore. Strategy and Leadership, 35: 12-17. Collis, D. J. (2010) "A resource-based analysis of global competition: The case of the bearings industry." Strategic Management Journal, 12, 49-68. Cool, K. and Schendel, D. (2010) 'Performance differences among strategic group members', Strategic Management Journal, 9(3) , pp. 207-223. Dentchev, N. (2009) Corporate Social Performance as a Business Strategy, Journal of Business Ethics, 55(4), pg. 397 412, Dick, A. S. and Basu, K. (2007) Customer loyalty: Toward an integrated conceptual framework. Journal of Academy of Marketing Science, 22, 99113. Douglas, S. P. and Craig, C. S. (2007) "Evolution of global marketing strategy: scale, scope and synergy," Columbia Journal of World Business, 24(3), pp. 47-59. Eesley, C. and Lenox, M. J. (2006) Firm responses to secondary stakeholder action, Strategic Management Journal, 27(8), 765781 Eggert, A. and Ulaga, W. (2006) Customer-perceived value: a substitute for satisfaction in business markets?, Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, 17(2/3), pp. 107-125. Goksoy, A. and Ozsoy, B. (2010) Business Process Reengineering: Strategic Tool for Managing Organizational Change an Application in a Multinational Company, International Journal of Business and Management, 22: 256-264. Grant, R. and Spender, J. (2009) Toward a knowledge-based theory of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 17, pp. 109 - 122. Hall, R. (2011) "The strategic analysis of intangible resources" Strategic Management Journal, 13, 135-144 Ho, T.H. and Tang, C.S. (2009) Introduction to the special issue on marketing and operations management interfaces and coordination. Production and Operations Management 18 (4), 363364 Websites Tesco plc, (2015). Tesco plc. [online] Available at: https://www.tescoplc.com/ [Accessed 14 Mar. 2015]. Tesco.com, (2015). Tesco.com - online shopping; bringing the supermarket to you - Every little helps. [online] Available at: https://www.tesco.com/ [Accessed 14 Mar. 2015].

Health Care Administration Leadership

Question: Discuss the current events in health care administration leadership and the fiedler contingency theory. Answer: A month ago, the AAR Healthcare held a health camp in town. This activity involved four practitioners. AAR had made arrangements with one of the churches to offer their field as the venue for the free medical camp. While some cases were charged depending on the intensity of the test, most of the health tests done were free of charge I would employ the Fielders Contingency Model that recommends that leaders assess individuals they did not like working with recently or in the past on a scale of 1to 8 by considering colleagues who are unfriendly versus friendly, uncooperative versus cooperative, and guarded versus open. This test is not about how bad the least preferred colleague was difficult to work with but based on the leader's behavior towards that particular colleague (Jasper Jumaa, 2005). Fiedler's contingency theory states that effective leadership depends not only on the style but also on control over a situation. During the health camp, the leader was amazingly interactive. Every worker seemed significantly cooperative; chances are, she was a great team player. Fielder recommends that a good leader should lead by example an effective leader doesnt give directions on what should be done and how it should be done; they are the first to do what they know should be done. The head of the team during the health camp utilized this recommendation as we found him performing the tests on the various patients. The relationship demonstrated was task-oriented because the leader did not consider her position but got into the system and worked together with her subordinates with ease (Williams, 2005). This way the team lead eliminated any possibility of having personal issues with one of her subordinates affect the way she operated during the medical camp. References Jasper, M. Jumaa, M. (2005). Effective healthcare leadership. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Pub. Williams, M. (2005). Leadership for leaders. London: Thorogood.

What Policies Can Be Implemented to Reduce Human Population Growth Essay Example Essay Example

What Policies Can Be Implemented to Reduce Human Population Growth? Essay Example Paper What Policies Can Be Implemented to Reduce Human Population Growth Essay Introduction The global rate of human population growth peaked during 1963. The number of people living on Earth, who are currently sharing limited resources, such as water and food, has amplified by more than two-thirds since 1963! Astonishingly, the world population is a bit over 6. 6 billion today. Human population is anticipated to exceed 9 billion by 2050. A majority of Environmentalists agree that most, if not all environmental problems will arise, such as climate change, species extinction, and overzealous resource extraction. According to Population Connection, the increase of human population since the 1950’s resulted to the clearing of 80% of rain forests, the loss of thousands of plant and wildlife species, a rise in greenhouse gas emissions, and the commercialization of half of the Earth’s surface land. Environmentalist distress that in during the approaching decades half of the world’s population will be exposed to water-scarce conditions, which are expected to d eepen the difficulties of meeting the consumption levels, and cause devastating effects on our delicately balanced ecosystems. To allow the people of the world to enjoy a decent living without draining natural resources and causing severe climate change, demographic trends must be reversed and a balance must be achieved between population and resources. A number of countries are already aware that their population growth rate is too high and some, (such as China) have taken actions to decrease birthrates, which is the best way to check population growth and relieve pressure on the planet’s environment. Most developed countries objective is to reduce the world’s population down to 4 Billion during or hopefully earlier 2100. What Policies Can Be Implemented to Reduce Human Population Growth? Essay Body Paragraphs This objective can be reached by establishing a Restricted Family Policy, meaning a maximum of 2 children per-family in all countries with high population densities. This would lead to a fertility rate of less than 2. 1, the level required for population replacement. It would be a good idea to take advantage of China’s experience over the past 30 years, despite the bad press China’s single child policy has gained, it has resulted in the avoidance of around 400 million births and the fertility rate has fallen from 5. 4 in 1971 to 1. 8 during 2005. The goal of the Restricted Family Policy is to reduce the fertility rate as rapidly as possible to 1. 5 in all countries that have over 10 million inhabitants. Why did scientists set the target rate at 1. 5? Simply, because it is urgent that we decrease the number of consumers so the world total population doesn’t reach 9 billion by 2050. If we want to dodge resource depletion and intolerable environmental deterioration the Restricted Family Policy must be carried threw efficiently. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), â€Å"World greenhouse gas emissions attributable to human activities have grown since the preindustrial era. Between 1970 and 2004, the increase was 70%. † Most importantly during this process developed countries have an obligation to help decrease human population since they are the largest consumers and polluters in the world. As one may see below, policies in a number of developed countries to encourage large families must be abolished and increased immigration quotas encouraged, as they do not lead to an increased world population. 2006) Fertility rates and total population Country or Region Total Population (million) Fertility Rate China 1,313 1. 73 India 1,134 2. 81 Africa 922 4. 67 South America Caribbean 558 2. 7 United States 300 2. 05 Indonesia 226 2. 18 Pakistan 158 3. 52 Bangladesh 153 2. 83 Egypt 73 2. 9 France 61 1. 89 United Kingd om 60 1. 82 Therefore, one can see that much remains to be done to decrease the fertility rate to 1. 5. Once the balance between population and resources has been reached, the fertility rate can be allowed to increase to 2. 1 to ensure population replacement, this is why the Restricted Family Policy (which is known worldwide) is very important. The United Stated has also taken action by increasing education, especially considering environmental issues (since studies have shown that affluent families have fewer babies), strong availability of birth control, less restriction on abortion, charging for kids medical care, and hopefully during the near future limiting the number of births per-family. The already difficult task of reducing poverty and bringing about sustainable development in the developing world will, be made even harder, because of the predicted addition of several billions of people by the middle of the next century. Efforts to slow this population expansion have to foc us on reducing fertility. There are action and policies of reducing unwanted fertility and the unmet need for contraception by enforcing family planning programs. Roughly one in four births in the developing world (disregarding China) are unwanted, meaning a larger proportion of births are unexpected, this is mostly because of lack of education, and this is why family planning programs are necessary. In addition, an anticipated 25 million abortions are presented each year in less developed countries. One may ask, â€Å"Why do individuals fail to practice contraception? † The answer is a result of a mixture of social and health service related reasons. Such as lack of access to services or information was and remains a key obstacle. In addition, other factors such as fear of side effects of contraceptive methods and overt or suspected disapproval of husbands and other family members—are significant barriers to use in many societies. To be effective, programs must theref ore go beyond the simple establishment of services, and address social and health concerns as well. In the 20th century, population control proponents have drawn from the insights of Thomas Malthus, a British clergyman and economist who published An Essay on the Principle of Population in 1798. Malthus argued outlined the idea of positive checks and preventative checks are factors that Malthus considered to increase the death rate, and decrease birthrates. His theories is what created many policies. Preventative checks† were factors that Malthus believed to affect the birth rate such as moral restraint, abstinence and birth control, in many countries it has become a policy for the government to provide birth control pills, and educated teens on the consequences of pregnancy in order to lower birth rates (for example, in the United States many teens between the ages of 14 and 18 get pregnant). He predicted that â€Å"positive checks† save humanity from itself. Malthus we nt on to explain why he believed that this misery affected the poor in a disproportionate manner. Finally, Malthus supported the right for lower class people to be educated in order for them to be aware of how they impact the environment and the importance of moral limitations; this resulted to another policy, where every human being has the right to be educated, and government schools were established where lectures about the dangers of human population increasing, and pregnancy were given. Finally, Eco-scientists discuss many policies that can implement and reduce human population growth. Legalizing â€Å"compulsory abortions,† and forced abortions to be carried out against the will women who have already given birth to 1 or 2 children, this is very common in China. Babies who are born out of wedlock or to teenage mothers to be forcibly taken away from their mother by the government and put up for adoption, its believed that this will result to mothers demonstrating to the government that they can take care of a child, scientists believe this will result to a policy, where one must have a licensing to take care of a child. Implementing a system of â€Å"involuntary birth control,† where both men and women would be mandated to have an infertility device implanted into their body at puberty and only have it removed temporarily if they received permission from the government to have a baby. Permanently sterilizing people who the authorities deem have already had too many children. Supposedly, in the future all these policies would be overseen by a transnational and centralized â€Å"planetary regime† that would utilize a â€Å"global police force† to enforce the measures outlined above. In general, if the world does not take action in reducing human population, it will result to the depletion of resources. Earths life support system will all be under stress due to more people consuming more resources and numerous of organisms will be extinct. Scientific solutions that can help improve the environment will not be practiced until rules or laws are imposed and enforced. By decreasing population renewable resources will not be exploited beyond their sustainable yield; this will insure a sustainable lifestyle. Population control has been a major issue for years, and it is time to enforce policies to insure a sustainable lifestyle for the long-term future. A wise man once stated: â€Å"Instead of controlling the environment for the benefit of the population, maybe we should control the population to ensure the survival of our environment. † ~ Sir David Attenborough We will write a custom essay sample on What Policies Can Be Implemented to Reduce Human Population Growth? Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What Policies Can Be Implemented to Reduce Human Population Growth? Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What Policies Can Be Implemented to Reduce Human Population Growth? Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Using an Essay Help Resource to Pass the AP US History Exam

Using an Essay Help Resource to Pass the AP US History ExamIf you are assigned to write an AP US History or AP US Literature Sample Essay, then you know that writing in a foreign language is difficult. Even though it is difficult, it can be made easier with the help of an essay help resource like this one. We found the best resource for this article; it is from Certified English Language Proficiency Test (CLEP) International.This resource is going to help you get through the AP US Literature Sample Essay, which includes AP US History, AP US Government, and AP US Liberal Arts. The syllabus is long and includes reading, writing, listening, and speaking English. To get through it, you will need to do some research, or better yet, use an essay help resource to provide you with additional help.We think that one of the best resources to help us with this assignment is our article's writers. They have some of the best resources for learning English in the world. One of their most helpful re sources is their College English Teaching Resources that will allow you to understand the syllabus without having to go to school.Their syllabus for each course is very long. In addition, we think that these syllabuses aren't listed on the site or mentioned anywhere. Our writers think that we should have something more on the syllabus because they feel that the authors of the site don't know what they are talking about.Some of their course syllabi have changed over the years and have been updated, making the syllabus difficult to understand and follow. Our writers felt that these syllabuses need to be updated on a regular basis, and most of the time the update is too far in the future for us to know about it. This is why many of us believe that the writers of this site are not properly researching the syllabus for APUS History.If you are studying for the test or writing an essay for this course, you will need to be able to understand the English language. This helps you write in a m anner that will show readers that you are good at English. The writers of this site do not understand English, so they don't know what we are talking about. We feel that if the writers of this site were capable of understanding the material they would write it more accurately.The writers of this site are supposed to provide information to help students pass the exam. Instead they continue to not update the syllabus, which makes it even more difficult to study for the test. It seems that the writers of this site are only interested in showing off their writing skills instead of providing sound and professional advice.To get through the test, you must learn how to study, but most writers of this site don't seem to have any idea of what to do. As long as you are able to find a good essay help resource, then you should be fine. Just make sure that your resource is right on the syllabus.

A Genetics Definition of Homologous Chromosomes

A Genetics Definition of Homologous Chromosomes Homologous chromosomes are chromosome pairs (one from each parent) that are similar in length, gene position, and centromere location. The position of the genes on each homologous chromosome is the same. However, the genes may contain different alleles. Chromosomes are important molecules, as they contain DNA and the genetic instructions for the direction of all cell activity. They also carry genes that determine individual traits. Homologous Chromosomes Example A human karyotype shows the complete set of human chromosomes. Human cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46. Each chromosome pair represents a set of homologous chromosomes. One chromosome in each pair is donated from the mother and the other from the father during sexual reproduction. In a karyotype, there are 22 pairs of autosomes (non-sex chromosomes) and one pair of sex chromosomes. In males, the X and Y sex chromosomes are homologs. In females, both X chromosomes are homologs. Mitosis The purpose of mitosis (nuclear division) and cell division is to replicate cells for repair and growth. Before mitosis begins, chromosomes must be replicated to ensure that each cell retains the correct number of chromosomes after cell division. Homologous chromosomes replicate forming sister chromatids (identical copies of a replicated chromosome that are attached). After replication, the single-stranded DNA becomes double-stranded and has the familiar X shape. As the cell progresses through the stages of mitosis, sister chromatids are eventually separated by spindle fibers and divided between two daughter cells. Each separated chromatid is considered a full single-stranded chromosome. Interphase: Homologous chromosomes replicate forming sister chromatidsProphase: Sister chromatids move toward the center of the cellMetaphase: Sister chromatids align along the metaphase plate at the cells centerAnaphase: Sister chromatids are separated and pulled toward opposite cell polesTelophase: Chromosomes are separated into distinct nuclei After the cytoplasm is divided during cytokinesis, two new daughter cells are formed with the same number of chromosomes in each cell. Mitosis preserves the homologous chromosome number. Meiosis Meiosis is the mechanism for gamete formation and involves a two-stage division process. Prior to meiosis, homologous chromosomes replicate forming sister chromatids. In prophase I, sister chromatids pair up forming what is called a tetrad. While in close proximity, homologous chromosomes sometimes exchange sections of DNA. This is known as genetic recombination. Homologous chromosomes separate during the first meiotic division and sister chromatids separate during the second division. At the end of meiosis, four daughter cells are produced. Each cell is haploid and contains half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. Each chromosome has the appropriate number of genes, however, the alleles for the genes are different. The swapping of genes during homologous chromosome recombination produces genetic variation in organisms that reproduce sexually. Upon fertilization, haploid gametes become a diploid organism. Nondisjunction and Mutations Occasionally, problems arise in cell division that cause cells to divide improperly. Failure of chromosomes to separate correctly in mitosis or meiosis is called nondisjunction. Should nondisjunction occur in the first meiotic division, homologous chromosomes remain paired. This results in two daughter cells with an extra set of chromosomes and two daughter cells with no chromosomes. Nondisjunction may also occur in meiosis II when sister chromatids fail to separate prior to cell division. Fertilization of these gametes produces individuals with either too many or not enough chromosomes. Nondisjunction is often fatal or may produce chromosomal anomalies resulting in birth defects. In trisomy nondisjunction, cells contain an extra chromosome. In humans, this means that there are 47 total chromosomes instead of 46. Trisomy is seen in Down syndrome where chromosome 21 has an additional or partial chromosome. Nondisjunction may also produce abnormalities in sex chromosomes. Monosomy is a type of nondisjunction in which only one chromosome is present. Females with Turner syndrome have only one X sex chromosome. Males with XYY syndrome have an extra Y sex chromosome. Nondisjunction in sex chromosomes typically has less severe consequences than nondisjunction in autosomal chromosomes (non-sex chromosomes). Chromosome mutations can impact both homologous chromosomes and non-homologous chromosomes. A translocation mutation is a type of mutation in which a piece of one chromosome breaks off and is joined to another chromosome. This type of mutation occurs more often between non-homologous chromosomes and can be reciprocal (gene exchange between two chromosomes) or non-reciprocal (only one chromosome receives a new gene segment).