Choose from the book Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Choose from the book - Essay Example Third, has there been feedback to this research. And, forth, what are the establishments and/or findings of this research. Parenthetically, researchers normally distinguish young as being between the ages of 18-29 (Zukin et al 11-12). However there is a prior issue: Why is civic engagement essential and, parenthetically, what is civic engagement? Well, this is the key of the Presidential Citizens Scholar Plan, something an individual will discuss, assess and examine as course participants so it would inappropriate for us to answer these questions for them. The extensive social importance, nevertheless, lie in the social contact and even intermittently civic discussions over pizza and beer that many people forgo. Some onlookers assert that an essential concept, or theory, that this reduction in engagement, disengagement, could be generations, that is, younger cohorts are less involved or engaged than older generations. If this is authentic and if the reduction in engagements perpetuat es then total disengagement is in the offing, that is, it is predisposed to the very near future. This particular issue is why researchers concentrating on young adult and civic engagement is now all the rage (Zukin at al 15-19). The public opinion polls indicate that young people do not comprehend the notions of citizenship, they are disconnected from the political process, and they are short of knowledge necessary for effectual self-government. This public opinion survey also shows that these young people support and appreciation of American democracy is restricted. The older generations have been doing so little to impart the standards of citizenship on to the next generation. But there is optimism. The account offers new proof that civic engagement makes a huge difference in the attitudes towards citizenship, understanding engagement of young people. The report is pegged on a countrywide opinion analysis devised to estimate how the civic attitudes, understanding and engagement o f young people: The DotNet generation between 16 and 26 years of age compare to those of older generations. The survey was carried out by Knowledge Networks: an investigative organization that implements scientifically bases Internet Polls (Zukin et al 20-34). A lot has been talked about generational differences in voting models during the 2008 election. An analysis of generation differences sheds some light into how social meanings of civic engagement and social liability have transformed in due course. In effect, a lot has made of what earlier generations have done in terms of service to American culture. Many issues about how to expand political engagement have also been raised in the academic dominion. University/college student political engagement could be increased by actively engaging the=m in service learning experiences. Though service learning is a didactic and learning program that incorporates meaningful community service with pedagogical instruction and reflection, the re has not been concerted endeavor to enhance service learning courses that decisively prepare young people for enthusiastically engaging in the political system. Generation is a practical concept as it facilitates researchers to assess political actions in terms of how different age groups, formed at unusual times and by special experiences, respond to political occurrences. Particularly, (Zukin et al 35-46) are interested in the degree to which dissimilar generations, have undergone different political and cultural happenings in their seminal and

A Biography of Nikola Tesla Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Biography of Nikola Tesla - Research Paper Example Tesla is famously known for his contributions in electrical engineering as well as mechanical engineering. His journey to engineering school was prompted by his father’s promise when he (Tesla) was sick that should he recover, he would do so. That was a time when there was forceful conscription in the army. Through difficulties, Tesla fought hard to ensure that he had a decent education. He missed studying some critical subjects so that he found himself in a Telecom company before eventually moving into the US.2 While in the United States, Tesla’s fortunes opened. While at school and technical school, he had demonstrated commitment in all his endeavors. Edison Company was the first place he began what one may call a practical career. His first major achievement was at Edison where he managed to improve the existing model of a direct current generator. However, due to the company failing to honor its part in the gentleman’s agreement, Tesla quit job at Edison, As he struggled to move forward, Tesla secured funds from two other friends and experimented with alternating current (AC). He used the concept of AC to develop an improved version of induction motor that required no commutator to work as it would auto-start. It was then that George Westinghouse sought his expertise. For the first time in his life, Tesla was able to earn a decent salary and live a decent life.3 His later innovations include the improvement of the existing version of X-Ray, which he believed worked on a principle that exposed the skin to dangerous radiation. However, his idea of X-Ray had some weaknesses, which were later discovered in the modern time. Besides, Tesla also had some patent wars with his early radio waves innovations. He had demonstrated the possibility of a wireless transmission, only to lose similar patents to Guglielmo Marconi. It was the US Supreme Court that later

MANAGEMENT OF INFORMATION SYSTEM CHANGE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

MANAGEMENT OF INFORMATION SYSTEM CHANGE - Essay Example The advantage is in terms of faster communication and effective information processing, which all becomes possible when firms have diversified information management systems (Dupouet 2013, pp. 6-15). Theoretical View According to modern business theorists, modernisation has brought volatile environments for businesses. Such environments are trendy and hence demand change in the organisation systems. The ability to adjust to the change has become prerequisite (Nowduri 2010). Without modification the firms cannot progress or even survive in the globalised business order. According to Bate’s study in 1994, there are two levels of organisation change: incremental and transformational (Macredie et al. 2005). The incremental change is stage-wise and is based on minor modifications just as change of an information system, processes or structure. Transformational change is radical and depends on the level of incremental change achieved within the organisation system (Marco 2012, pp. 2 20-229). Changing the information setup is a part of the organisation change process and to implement it, there are several issues that organisations have to address (Clarke 2012, pp. 79-81). This report will bring insight into theMIS change process in terms of two organisational setups including NHS (National Health Service) and Amazon. This is to bring a clear viewpoint on information system change by having a practical example of organisations presently operating. Information System Change in Amazon DATA Amazon is a leader in electronic sales and retail works on electronic data and information (Matthews 2012). The company has acquired electronic modules to manage customer based data. The nature of data is electronic, for which Amazon administrators utilise the excessive content management process (Soderstrom 2012). The reliance is highly on e-commerce and electronic management systems where information is spread to appear for international customers and the market. Amazon being a true market seller has brought diversified data management systems (K Laundon & J Laundon 2012, pp. 4-20). To manage online service activities, the enterprise has deployed advanced communication networks. These activities include site management, communication, interaction, flexible merchandising and transaction processing, which all have become possible by Amazon’s online information management system (Gorman 2012). The enterprise works on self-deployed information systems, and also has acquired commercial licensed systems for extensive information processing. This is all to ensure effective data management and communication, which are essential features of Amazon as an international business organisation (Gorman 2012). The real and most apparent change brought by Amazon was its transition from a small business enterprise into a large data holding corporation. It was all because of modifications made on the information side and in the World Wide Web business. Keeping data o f million customers at one time were not possible if Amazon had not planned its e-commerce activity. To organise the e-commerce operation, Amazon deployed an international data management mechanism (Pratt & Adamski 2011, pp. 1-30). This managed data of millions of customers at one time of operation and at a single time of retrieval. All of this was done in short time and with a maximum coverage of benefits. The design

Presidential Scholars Essay Essay Example for Free

Presidential Scholars Essay Essay The creative work the best illustrates the way I see the world and the way I see myself in the world is the Charles Dicken’s novel, Great Expectations. Basically, the novel revolves around a boy named Philip Pirip or â€Å"Pip,† and his many struggles to achieve his goals. Pip’s main goal is to become a wealthy gentleman someday in order to marry the woman of his dreams, Estella, which he accomplished in the novel. However, in order to achieve his goal, Pip had to go overcome a lot of obstacles and face a lot of adversities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the story, it was shown that Pip was a very generous and kind-hearted young man. However, the best and possibly the worst aspect about him is his overly-ambitious attitude. Although Pip’s good-natured personality and pure innocence enabled him to accomplish his dream of becoming a wealthy gentleman, he realized that his position in society is the not the most important aspect about any person. In the end, although he lost his wealth, he was able to marry Estella, and live a happy life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In this regard, the novel shows my belief that while anything can be achieved if one works hard for it, it also important to know one’s place in the world and remain humble. In other words, like in the novel, I believe that in this world, it is more important for me to possess moral values and be happy and content with my life than simply be rich. Moreover, the story also shared my belief that it is equally important to not expect too much from anything, which is what Pip failed to do, as you may end up disappointed. More importantly, however, the novel also corresponds with my perception which is to never be too ambitious on anything in this world as it may mislead one’s life. Furthermore, the story also showed how I see myself in the world. Like Pip, I believe that I am also a good natured and kind-hearted person who can achieve anything if I work hard for it. However, I must always remember not to commit the same mistake the Pip did, which is to become overly-ambitious, in order for me to reach my dreams. Presidential Scholars essay: The teacher who has influenced me the most   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In school, the person who made the most impact on my life was my Italian teacher, Mrs. Elliott. Basically, Mrs. Elliott has not only sparked my interest in the Italian language and other languages, but she has taught me and my fellow students the value of investing in knowledge, which she believes would greatly help us in our future careers. She is also a highly competent teacher who always makes sure that we learn new things after each of our classes with her.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   She has also shared with us a lot of information about the Italian culture and lifestyle, among others. Although she is a bit demanding in her classes, I know that she only wants us to learn and grow. However, what I like best about Mrs. Elliott is her unwavering passion for teaching. She always teaches enthusiastically and eagerly, which is why all the students listen attentively and never get bored in her class.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Moreover, she is also a very approachable person outside the classroom. Students would never hesitate to go to her when they have concerns about anything. Whether it’s about school or family, Mrs. Elliott would always be there to guide us and give us advice.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Furthermore, she has also taught us valuable lessons and values in life such as patience, understanding, integrity, honesty, commitment, and dedication, which we would all be able to apply throughout the rest of our lives. She also told us to always remember the lessons we learned so we could pass them on to our future children   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In short, Mrs. Elliot has not only imparted to us the necessary knowledge that we would need as we seek higher education, but she has also taught us valuable lessons that cannot simply be learned in a classroom. No doubt, she is one of the people whom I would never forget and whom I would always honor for the rest of my life

Behaviourism And The Psychodynamic Approach Psychology Essay

Behaviourism And The Psychodynamic Approach Psychology Essay Behaviourism is mostly about observable behaviours and views how learning is through association, seen in Classical Conditioning and through behaviour reinforcement, as in Operant Conditioning (B F Skinner, 1938). The Psychodynamic Approach (Sigmund Freud, writing between the 1890s and the 1930s) views all behaviours as being controlled by thought processes of the mind. (Cardwell et al. 2004) Behaviourism primarily looks at behaviours that can be seen, and states that we are born with a mind like an empty wipe board (tabula rasa) and all of our behaviours are acquired from what goes on around us in our environment (McLeod. 2007). The following outlines two learning theories. Classical conditioning is a type of learning that occurs through association. An unconditioned stimulus results in an unconditioned response, and the theory is that the same response can be evoked by a conditioned stimulus. (Learning Theories Knowledgebase. 2012). Operant conditioning is about learning through reinforcement (positive or negative rewards and punishment) from the environment. Learning is a progressive activity that starts by rewarding behaviour that is associated to any wanted outcome (Cardwell et al. 2004). This happens quite naturally without any awareness, for example in praising children for milestone achievements like using the potty. One key research study of learning theories is classical conditioning and Ivan Pavlovs Dog experiment (1927). This involved investigating how the dogs learnt through association. The following stages were used, with the repetition of the unconditioned with the conditioned stimulus being used together. In the first stage, before conditioning, when the dogs are given the unconditioned stimulus (dog food) this results in salivation, the unconditioned response this is a natural response. In the next stage, the conditioned stimulus (the bell) was introduced with the unconditioned stimulus (dog food) and the dogs salivated, the unconditioned response. In the final stage, once the conditioned stimulus (the bell) was introduced without the dog food, the dogs still salivated, the conditioned response not a natural response for a bell being given at meal times instead of food (Atherton. 2011). Generalisation can also be seen in classical conditioning, as the conditioned stimulus, the bell in this case, could be changed to a bell with a different sound and the conditioned response would remain; although it would however weaken over a period of time, if the bell continuously changed (Gross. 1988). An example of everyday classical conditioning would be through the use of advertising. An advertisement comes on the television for a bar of chocolate which you love. This arouses a feeling of hunger and craving for some chocolate. One of psychologys most important contributions of behaviourism was the theory of classical conditioning. Behavioural therapies came about in the 1950s as a result of this and many treatments are used today for mental health; behaviour moderation; phobias, and anxiety related conditions (Cardwell et al. 2004). Positive and negative reinforcement in operant conditioning has also been extremely useful when working with children who have additional needs or autistic spectrum disorders, as it enables maladaptive behaviour to be modified or reshaped. Government guidelines implemented within policies and procedures in childcare settings, have been based around the perspectives of behaviourism (Tassoni et al. 2010). However, as the scientific experiments applied the use of animals in controlled laboratory conditions, this limits findings relevant to the real-life situations of humans, so is reductionist. Behaviourism does not take into account actions of the mind either, so psychology as a science is unable to analyse anything it cannot openly observe. (McLeod. 2007). Other arguments are that some therapies will fail once treatments stop, as in aversion therapy, and in the treatment of flooding the individual needs to be in good health and if they were to be removed from treatment too early, it would lead to further reinforcement of the phobia they went in for in the first place (Cardwell et al. 2004). .The psychodynamic approach (Sigmund Freud 1856 -1939) believes that behaviour is part of unconscious thought processes and is imbedded by our childhood experiences. Stricker and Widiger (2003) talk about layers of the mind; the conscious, imagined as the smallest part the tip of an iceberg, where all present awareness is; the preconscious, a larger part just below the water line of an iceberg, where memories and thoughts can be accessed easily by the conscious, and the unconscious, the largest part of an iceberg that is well immersed below the water, where repressed memories and inappropriate desires are held unavailable to us. Freud describes personality as being structured in to three different parts: Id, present from birth, works on instinct and the principals of pleasure; Ego, at age one three years, keeps in touch with the real world and satisfies the Id in a realistic, appropriate way; and Superego, age three six years, where our morality oversees our personality in relati on to our environment. According to Freud, another key aspect of theory is that of psychosexual development. The stages of this theory are the Oral stage, where the mouth is the first area of pleasure; the Anal stage, where the second area of pleasure is the anus this stage is important around toilet training, and the Phallic stage, where the focus of pleasure is with the genitals. This stage also encounters gender identity development and the Oedipus complex (where boys become attracted to their mothers and fearful of their fathers). If too much or too little satisfaction is received through these stages, we become obsessed and persist with the same demands during the rest of our life, resulting in neurotic behaviours (Cardwell et al. 2004). One key study by Freud (1909) was on Little Hans, the child of a friend of Freud whom he never actually met. He was five years old. He became fearful of horses to the extent that he would no longer go in to the street. White horses, that wore blinkers and had black colouring around the mouth, were feared most. As Hans was in the phallic stage of his development and therefore in the Oedipus Complex, according to Freud, the belief was that he was actually afraid of his father not the horses. This assumption was reached as Hans father wore glasses; these could be associated with the blinkers, and he also had a moustache; this could represent the black around the horses mouth. (Cardwell and Flanagan. 2004) The progression of Psychotherapy has been a substantial contribution of the psychodynamic approach, as Freuds psychoanalytical therapy, which sees mild psychiatric disorders in adults such as anxiety and eating disorders, and some depressions, as deeply hidden childhood problems. Patients are helped by creating an ideal environment in which to draw out these concerns into the conscious mind, where they can then be explored, tackled and resolved. Disadvantages of psychodynamic therapies are that treatment can be over many years and is therefore expensive and unrealistic. Therapies are not suitable for all psychological disorders, mainly just those that come under neuroses. Also, uncovering the past can cause more emotional stress than the current problem holds for the patient. Behaviourism has contributed to therapies that we still use today. One of the therapies based on classical conditioning is Systematic Desensitisation (Wolpe. 1958). This method helps with phobias and anxieties by using deep relaxation and replacing a fearful reaction with a response that is unable to exist with fear. Another therapy is Implosion and Flooding where the individuals phobic object is revealed with no reduction in anxiety and no relaxation. The purpose is that high levels of anxiety cannot be maintained for a long period of time, so start to diminish along with the realisation that nothing bad has happened to them, so the fear should dissipate. A technique called Aversion Therapy is also based on classical conditioning and is used to remove unwanted behaviours like alcoholism, smoking and drug addiction. These behaviours are associated with an unpleasant stimulus in an attempt to remove them. For instance, a cigarette may have a nausea-inducing substance which in turn pai rs the feeling of nausea with tobacco. Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy is widely used and elements of it originate from behaviourism. It looks at the individuals beliefs and rational or irrational thought patterns and then the consequences of these, if desirable or undesirable emotions come about leading to desirable or undesirable behaviour. Once these have been recognised, the therapist and the client work on the issues together. (Gross. 1987) Contributions of the psychodynamic approach include Free Association, in which the individual allows feelings, thoughts and images to free-flow, with the therapist out of sight who will interrupt occasionally to get reflections with the implications of the associations. The theory is that the internal conflict will reveal itself in the associations. Boker (1992) believes psychodynamic therapy is also helpful to patients will schizophrenia, whilst taking phenothiazines, as this medication enables them to be more available (Cardwell et al. 2004). Another contribution is Play Therapy, characterised by Sweeney and Landreth (2003) as child-centred play therapy. The therapists objective is to allow the child to release their inner disturbances by bringing out the experiences through play rather than being the victim (McMonigle. 2008). It can be seen therefore that behaviourists treat existing problems; whereas in contrast, the psychodynamic approach wants to find the route of the problem. Both of these approaches have influenced modern practices.

A Revolution of Values: The Promise of Multicultural Essay -- Rhetoric

A Revolution of Values: The Promise of Multicultural Change Bell Hooks was born in Hopkinsville, Kentucky in 1952. She was born into the era of segregation and was in high school during the start of civil rights movements. Since Hook’s was a young African American that attended one of the first integrated high schools, she experienced racism and segregation first hand. Her writing explains how it was to live during these times and also exhibits how her experiences effected her emotionally. Hook’s essay successfully achieves her purpose because of the credibility instilled by the historical context of her writing and expert opinions and her appeals to pathos through the use of personal experience. In Hook’s writing she had one specific purpose. She wanted to help people understand the depth and complexities of racial injustice. She is also informing the reader that racism is something that not many people think too much about. She is stating that we tend to overlook most of our past and present issues of racism and segregation because we have been raised in a world that is not an issue worth worrying about. She writes how hard it is to be a nation that has no multicultural injustices, and that her dream is to one day live a life where everyone can practice freedom. Hooks’ writing gains credibility from her use of historical context and expert opinions. One of the biggest factors is that she was from the south where white people thought of blacks as Bohemians that had radical ideas of becoming a nation of multicultural equality. The examples of these thoughts is valid because she was a young black girl at the time and witnessed it first hand. In the 1950’s through early 1960’s segregation was at its peak measure so... ...ndship. As you can see Bell Hooks’ purpose is successfully supported by credibility justified through the historical context of her writing and expert opinions, and her appeals to pathos through personal experience. Her purpose helps you see behind the lines and understand the complexities of racism. Knowing the historical context of her writing establishes her credibility and helps you understand the author’s situation. Last, her appeal to pathos is aided by personal experiences in which she wrote, helping give more meaning and support to her writing because it makes it easier to understand the point that she is trying to get across. So the next time that you are encountered with racism or see it, maybe you will think of Bell Hooks and help make this country a great place to live with freedom and the right of every individual to be equal.

Education and Tech School

A contemplated future Carmen Herrera’s future job outlook can take many separate directions. There are many things that will alter her future for better or worse, the one that we will look at today involves her decision on whether or not she should go to Radcliff tech, or go to mountainfeild university and what majors and what type of jobs these school’s offer out of the three categories that Robert Reich classifies jobs in his 1989 essay â€Å"u. s income inequality keeps on rising†.The three categories are broken up into symbolic analytic services, routine personal services and routine production services. Each school offers jobs in these categories and we will look at the advantages and disadvantages of both schools. Carmen Herrera’s future job outlook at Radcliff tech has many advantages, these advantages include jobs that will be easier to land and obtain than jobs she would land in a university, these jobs include many jobs in the routine personal se rvices categories and many in the routine production services categories.Tech schools tend to specialize in jobs for production and personal services because the teachers and majors available to these students are limited in terms of what they are able to teach and the education of the teachers. Some tech schools are even more specialized to a certain field. For example a school like pennco tech is mainly specified for automotive, students looking for a mechanic certification would be interested in a school like this. Another advantage of going to a tech school is that tuition and fees are much more affordable compared to a large university.This makes tech school more accessible than the majority of universities. This makes choosing a major considerably easier than a university because the student already knows what they want to do most likely before they arrive at the tech school. Ratcliff tech also has many disadvantages; the big disadvantage of going to a tech school is that thei r selection of courses is greatly diminished compared to a university. This is mainly because the school does not have the proper funding or education to offer a wide variety of majors.Teachers are often in demand at tech schools and these teachers are not as educated or as good of teachers as most university teachers. The other disadvantage of going to a tech school is they do not offer many jobs in the analytic services category because these jobs take much higher education and a lot more years of schooling. These jobs typically offer a much higher income than the jobs in the other two categories stated. Students have an option to go to tech school or a university. The advantages of going to a university in my mind greatly outweigh the advantages of going to a tech school.This is because at a university the average degree earns a student a much greater amount of money than the average tech school degree does. That is because there are more jobs in the analytic services category th an any of the other categories. Jobs in this category are typically jobs like a CEO of a big fortune 500 company or someone who created a product and now is majority owner or chairman of the company. This is because these school’s offer a higher education and give the student the necessary tools to become a ceo or chairman. A university like mountainfeild also has many disadvantages too.Like any university the student will be in a much bigger community and they will not receive the specialized attention and education that a tech school will offer Them this can make or break certain students and also can give them a better chance in learning their major and field of choice, this is why many students at big university’s tend to drop out or fail out because the course load or lack of individualized attention does not fit them well and the job categories that a tech school offers fit them a lot better than a large university does.Another disadvantage of a large university is that the school takes a lot longer to graduate from and in many fields in production and services there is no need for 4 years or even more worth of schooling when you can get it in two years or less at a tech school. The advantages and disadvantages of going to a tech school or a university make the decision very hard; this is why thousands and thousands of students have to make a tough decision every year.Tech school’s offer benefits in the short term but lack the education and degree that you would receive from a university, in the long run university’s give back much more than any tech school can offer, a students future can depend on if they made the right decision and if this decision is a viable one for your future.The three job categories are big point when deciding on whether you want to go to a tech school or university. University’s offer many more jobs in the analytic area and this is very tempting but tech school’s give you a quick way of getting certification in the production or services categories. Both schools offer many things and lack in many things so the decision will not be easy.